GEGENES; PARNARA. By M. Gaede. 
323 
minute squares or dots. Bormio, 1200 m. — Higher up on the Stilfser Joch at an altitude of 2300 m 
and in Sulden (1800 m) we find atralpina Vrty., small and extremely melanic. Even in the there are 
often only 2 fulvous streaks at base and a row of small dots, otherwise the entire fore wings are black. 
Underside greenish black, only on fore wing the otherwise fidvous patches considerably reduced and whitish. 
In the $ the pale spots on upperside whitish. On underside the black patches are scarcely suffused with green, 
the pale spots thereby being striking. — In the warm valleys of the West Alps the race is naturally larger 
and the dark patches neither so deep nor extensive and in the <$ especially with diffuse borders. It is clear 
that from such a locality the specimens should more closely resemble apennina than alpina, for instance on 
underside by the paler yellow ground colour. Nevertheless they are always faintly dusted with black on 
underside in the $. The white spots in $ and $ are large. This is niacrocomma Vrty., typical from Susa, 
(1200 m) and Valdieri. — orae Vrty. is a large race similar to alpina but not quite so dark. The $ dusted 
with reddish black on upperside. The quadrate spots on underside of ochreous, on iipperside of $ ful¬ 
vous. In size they come between apennina and alpina. The green scaling on underside is not mixed with 
blackish. Spezia, Leghorn in moist and warm localities. — On the other hand not far from there in N. 
Tuscany on stony, dry ground we find a small race: aurata Vrty. In the E the dark markings are not very 
extensive. The $ especially on underside of hindwings a brilliant yellow shade without any greenish hue. 
Typical of the Abetone Pass. — Now to the aberrations: dupuyi Oberth. has only 2 small apical spots on 
underside of forewings. The spots near the inner margin on the somewhat darker hindwing are absent, 
faunula Oberth. corresponds to sylvanus-jannus Trti. (vide there). — guemisaci Oberth. has heavily adumbrated 
underside on hindwings. — albescens Oberth. has a paler ground colour on upperside, spots however are 
darker and in consequence indistinct. Underside of both wings pale reddish yellow. — Tittt has given the 
following names: clara for specimens with light fulvous ground colour, almost free of spots. — If besides 
the margin is more widely dark and the spots of both wings indicated, we have intermedia. — If ground 
colour is for the most part darkly suffused and only the spots fulvous: suffusa. — If the spots are yellow 
to whitish then we have pallidipuncta. — extrema is still darker, the spots of forewings very small, absent 
on hindwings. — If the yellow spots almost merge in the ground colour: flava (probably identical with 
albescens Oberth.). — conflua has the marginal spots on underside of hindwings partially conjoined forming 
a zigzag line. — In juncta there is a diffuse white spot merged with a yellowish nebula in the middle of 
underside of hindwings. — In centripuncta the hindwings are dark on underside only a small middle spot- 
remaining light. Also on fore wings the margin is widely dark. 
A. pallida Stgr. (Vol. 1, p. 348) was described as a form of comma. Declared to be a separate species 
by Reverdin on account of a variation in the genitals. The typical form is limited to Sicily. — As a form 
of same we have benuncas Oberth. from Algiers. It is named thus on account of the similitude with the 
american Er. uncas Ediv., which however belongs to a completely different Genus, but which nevertheless 
is similar to comma L. The dark marginal band of forewings has a somewhat greenish sheen, the spots as 
in comma , not arranged as in uncas. Also on hindwings the margin is widely dark. 
37. Genus: Qegeiies Him. 
G. nostrodamus F. (Vol. 1, p. 349, pi. 88 e). — pygmaeus Gyr. (16 1) is smaller (28—30 mm) and darker. 
Generally the spots of upperside of fore wings are absent. Underside almost as dark as normal specimens 
are on upperside. Caserta, Algeria. Perhaps lefebvrei Rmb. from Sicily is identical with same. 
39. Genus: Parnara Mr. 
P. guttatus Brem. (Vol. 1, p. 350, pi. 88 g, h). ormuzd Gr.-Grsh. presumably scarcely varies. 
P. borbonica Bsd. (Vol. 13, p. 535, pi. 78 e). The typical race originates from Madagascar, the species 
is distributed over the whole of Africa. The only palaearctic form holli Oberth. is somewhat smaller. The 
white spots on forewings smaller. Scarcely deserving of a name. Algeria. 
P. pellucida Murr. (Vol. 1, pi. 88 a). Of this a form sachalinensis Mats, has been described. It occurs 
in S. Saghalin, in accordance with its northerly locality is small and dark. The white spots on forewings 
between median and discoidal nervures are both equally small. 
atralpina. 
macro- 
comma 
orae. 
aurata. 
dupuyi. 
faunula. 
guemisaci. 
albescens. 
pallida. 
benuncas. 
nosiro- 
datnus 
pygmaeus 
guttatus. 
borbonica. 
holli. 
pellucida. 
sacha¬ 
linensis. 
