Addenda: PARNASSIUS. By Chr. Bollow. 
O O 1 
oo I 
apollo-artonius Fruhst. E X P. apollo-pumilus Stich. The result of this crossbreed shows pumilus- like 
characteristics, only a few specimens incline towards artonius Fruhst. EE expand 60—64 mm, 9$ 61—74 mm. 
Ground colour of E yellowish with narrow and short hyaline margin and submarginal bands, less bold than 
in pumilus. Black marking normal. Ocelli small, dull red, narrowly edged with black. All with white pupils. 
Hyaline margin on hindwings generally absent, submarginal faintly developed on top and boldly below. 
Anal spots small. Basal dusting more heavy than in pumilus. The $ similarly yellowish with black dusted 
disc on forewings. Hyaline margin and submarginal wide and dark extending to hindmargin and separated 
by a band of white spots. Black markings bold. On hindwings the hyaline margin is always present and 
the undulate submarginal band is wide and bold. The dark red ocelli are small with white pupils and heavily 
surrounded with black. Basal dusting heavy. Anal spots smaller than in apollo. On underside both sexes 
quite resemble pumilus Stich. 
P. davidis Oherth. (Vol. 1, p. 26). — alburnus Stich. (4 d) from the Pamir is strikingly different from cilburnus. 
honrathi Stgr. (Vol. 1, 13 d) by the purer white ground colour. Fringes of both wings are black and white 
checked. Antennae, legs and underside of body are black. 
P. nomion Fisch.-Wald. (Suppl. Vol. 1, p. 71—73). — subsp. chosensis Mats. (p. 72) ab. flavoocellata flavoocella- 
Eisn. is a $ from Seishin in N. Corea with deep yellow ocelli. Hitherto the occurrence of yellow ocelli in ia 
nomion was unknown. — subsp. richthojeni O. B.-H. f. subcostatulipicta Bryk d- Eisn. has the 4th costal subcostatuli- 
spot with red centre analogous to jambicus Bryk (p. 74), however in contrast to same the spots are not ptcia. 
individually circumscribed by black but the red colour merges forming a continous band. 
P. discobulus Alph. (Suppl. Vol. 1, p. 73). — ab. nigricans Ros. (4 e) is a very dusky individual nigricans. 
form from Issyk-kul in the Tian-Shan. 
P. epaphus Oberth. (Suppl. Vol. 1, p. 75—76). Eisner mentions in regard to abrupt ns O. B.-H. (p. 76) 
that the $ has eyespots with a more beautiful red and it is more darkly scaled in contrast to the E- Expanse 
57—58 mm. 
P. hardwickii Gray (Suppl. Vol. 1, p. 76). — f. inpicta Bryk & Eisn. is the name given to such inpicfa. 
specimens of hardwickii having the costal spots 1—3 and hindmarginal spot of forewings completely black 
in contrast to the usual heavy red spot marking in the E sex. 
P. Orleans Oberth. (Suppl. Vol. 1, p. 76—77). — subsp. dictator Mt. Her. differs from groumi Oberth. dictator. 
(Vol. 1, 16 b) chiefly in that the hindwings no longer have such pronounced lunules as a submarginal band. 
This is more uniform and wider especially from the second median towards the inner margin. The black 
hyaline margin of forewings is not so heavily indented by the pale lunule spots before same on the inner 
side as in specimens from Amdo, and it is almost straight edged. All specimens have the black discal spots 
of the cell wider than the following light spot, which in groumi on the other hand is of the same size or 
narrower. The red ocelli of hindwings only faintly pupilled with white. From Ivuku-Noor. — subsp. consul consul. 
Mt. Her. from the S. Dahtung Mountains in the Nanshan range approaches the Amdo race in spite of the 
wide geographical separation. It is most easily distinguished thereby that the black submarginal band on 
the hindwings is formed of indicated crescents, but these crescents are thicker and coarser and not so sharply 
outlined. Besides this the blue submarginal ocellus is almost always equidistant from outer margin and the 
surround of the lower red ocellus; even if it is considerably reduced, it is nevertheless distinctly visible on 
the underside. The red ocelli are generally with heavier white pupils than the surrounding races. The black 
central spot of forewings is almost as wide as the following light spot, but it is ahvays more faintly devel¬ 
oped than in dictator. The black marginal hyaline band of forewings is not so smooth on the inner side as 
in dictator , but it is nevertheless less dentate than in groumi. The sub-basal spot below the cell generally 
scarcely exceeds the one in the cell, consul is most easily differentiated from groumi by the wider and 
diffuse submarginal band and the less well developed crescents. It is separable from dictator by the position 
of the blue submarginal ocellus which is above the third median halfway between the central ocellus and 
outer margin, further by the more heavily dentate inner side of the black hyaline band of the forewings. 
P. stenosemus Hour. (Vol. 1, p. 33, pi. 16 b). — subsp. divinus Bryk & Eisn. Both authors consider divinus. 
themselves justified also to separate stenosemus as a distinct species, analogous to stoliczkanus Fldr. (Suppl. 
Vol. 1, p. 49) in relationship to delphius Ev. They establish the above subspecies from a $ captured in 
August 1930 at Rupshu, between Hanle and Chumar. This closely resembles stenosemus but differs never¬ 
theless from Verity’s illustration and description. The ground colour of wings is densely scaled with white 
(in stenosemus according to Verity’s illustration it is yellowish white), bands and spot markings deep black 
(according to Verity" grey), costal ocellus black, median ocellus blood-red, with wide black ringlet. Only one 
small and black anal spot. Marginal ocelli larger and with more distinct blue patches than in stenosemus. 
Marginal band of hindwings reduced to a very narrow border. The black markings of the base and especially 
in the cell still more reduced than in stenosemus. 
