Pull. 10. I. 1935. 
HIPPARCHUS. By L. B. Prout. 
9 
absolutely constant) are afforded by the underside; conjuciaria very seldom has the subterminal spots well 
developed and scarcely ever the dark terminal marking in front of the 1st radial of the hindwing, which is 
quite commonly developed or at least indicated in the Sikkim-Assam race. The larva, according to Matsumura, 
feeds on oak. 
13. Genus: Hipparchus Leech. 
(see Vol. 4, p. 16 and Vol. 12, p. 74.) 
H. symaria Oberth. (2 c). Apparently near papilionaria but with more strongly dentate distal margins 
and more variegated, especially beneath, where the large cell-marks are strongly developed and the white 
shades broader than above. The unique type came from the eastern frontier of Tibet. 
H. papilionaria L. ab. obsoletaria Osthelder lacks both the white lines, as well as the subterminal spots; 
thus a more extreme form than ab. deleta and ab. subobsoleta (Vol. 4, p. 17). — ab. diffiuata Marschner has the 
ground-colour paleabout the veins, somewhat as in some of the Asiatic Hipparchu-s. —herbacearia Menetr. (2 c). 
I believe this is a differentiable race, or even a species, as the practised eye scarcely ever fails to discriminate 
it. Termen of hindwing somewhat less strongly crenulate, colour somewhat duller green, lines generally slender, 
the postmedian of the forewing with the lunule at the fold rarely accentuated, subterminal white dots small 
or obsolete. East Siberia and Saghalien. —- subrigua subsp. nov. (2 c). Generally larger than papilionaria , 
in shape (at least in the $) nearly agreeing with herbacearia and with the postmedian of the forewing (as in 
that form) rarely much curved subcostally. The white markings, on the other hand, tend to be as strongly 
developed as in European papilionaria and on the underside of the hindwing acquire additional strength, at 
least as regards the band outside the postmedian line, which gives quite a characteristic appearance to this 
race. Japan, chiefly on Yezo, but reaching Tokio. 
H. ran a Oberth. (2 c). Recognizable by the strongly brown-spotted fringes and the absence of the lines, 
excepting the postmedian. Underside almost unmarked, the fringes as above. Antennal pectinations very 
short. Tse-kou (loc. typ.) and Yunnan. 
H. sinolsaria Oberth. (2 c) has nearly the markings of a sharply-marked papilionaria but the shape of 
a broad-winged smaragdus (2d). Underside more yellowish green, with very faint darker markings. Tse-kou 
and Ta-tsien-lu. 
H. flavifrontaria Guen. (= mutans Walk.) (Vol. 12, pi. 10 b). Said to have originated from “Central 
India” (compare Agathia hilarata) but seems to be really confined to the North-West, chiefly in the N. E. 
corner of the Punjab and reaching Kumaon. Known by its slightly produced apex, grey-green colour and 
fine, non-crenulate lines; the lunulate-dentate subterminal is generally traceable, but never strong. 
H. pratti Prout (2 d; Vol. 4, p. 17). We figure the type $, from Ichang, which remains the only ex¬ 
ample known. 
H. fragilis Oberth. (= ovalis Sterneck ) (2d). Readily known by its slender abdomen and relatively 
enlarged hindwing. It was by an oversight stated in Vol. 12. p. 75, that the weak white subterminal dots are 
“not shown in the figure”. Underside plain green, almost as bright as upper, only at the hindmargins whitish. 
Chinese Tibet and Szechuan. 
H. sigaria Oberth. (2 d) differs from flavifrontaria in its shorter, non-falcate forewing, fine brown term¬ 
inal line and more variegated underside — both wings with whitish subterminal line and postmedian band, 
the latter on the hindwing not defined proximally, as the ground-colour here remains almost equally whitish. 
Tse-kou. 
H. sponsaria Brem. (= mandarinaria Leech ) (Vol. 4, pi. 1 i, as mandarinaria). I have explained else¬ 
where (Nov. Zool., Vol. 35, p. 291) that errors of determination in the British Museum misled me into de¬ 
scribing the wrong species as sponsaria. Recognizable from our figure and description, but generally shows 
in addition very small brown costal dots at the beginning of the lines and minute fringe-dots opposite the 
veins, besides indications of a very slender, irregular white subterminal line. Range: W. China to Amur, 
Corea and Japan. — promissaria Th.-Mieg is a small 2nd-brood form from Japan. 
H. ussuriensis Sauber (= sponsaria Prout, nec Brem., herbeus Kardakoff) (2 d). As our figure (Vol. 4, 
pi. 1 h, as sponsaria ) is not satisfactory, we replace it by another. The wing-shape, the more vivid colour and 
the brown dots in the fringe distinguish it easily from dieckmanni ; in the A also the non-dilated liindtibia. 
Ussuri, Amur and Japan. 
H. dieckmanni Graes. (2 e). Here again we replace the former figure (Vol. 4, pi. 1 h) by a more satis¬ 
factory one. dieckmanni seems to be commoner and more widely distributed in Japan than either of the two 
preceding; when Wileman (Trans. Ent. Soc. 1911, p. 339) failed to record any captures of his own from that 
country, this was because he had them misidentified as “sponsaria” , under which name he has mentioned 
the larva as similar to that of valida. The distribution of dieckmanni reaches to the Chingan Mountains. 
H. valida Feld. (Vol. 4, pi. 1 i). To the range should be added W. China. The larva feeds (at least in 
Supplementary Volume 4 2 
symaria. 
obsoletaria. 
diffiuata. 
herbacearia. 
subrigua. 
rana. 
sinoisaria. 
flavifron¬ 
taria. 
pratti. 
fragilis. 
sigaria. 
sponsaria. 
promissa¬ 
ria. 
ussuriensis. 
dieck¬ 
manni. 
valida. 
