PYLARGOSCELES; SYNEGIODES; CALOTHYSANIS. By L. B. Prout. 
27 
in the Papuan Subregion (not yet named), but they are in general more strongly marked than S. solidaria, 
with the costal margin of the forewing beneath more highly coloured. W. China, especially at Siao-lou. 
9. Genus: Pylargosceles Prout. 
Recently erected to accomodate steganioides Btlr., which was described under A'iidalia in Vol. 4, p. 54. 
A few structural characters were given in the place cited, and the suggestion made that it was “gen. div. ?” 
Subsequent study of the genitalia showed that it belonged unmistakably to the Rhodostrophia group, as is 
already suggested by the character of the markings. Both from this and from the Indian genus Metallaxis (Vol. 
16, p. 46) it differs in the simple areole. 
P. steganioides Btlr. (Vol. 4, pi. 4 m). Sterneck records this also from Pekin and a race or repre^en- steganioides 
tative species occurs on Formosa, where it was named limbaria Wileman. The larva of the Japanese race has 
been made known by Matsumura (Oyo Konchugaku, 2nd edition, pi. 29, fig. 5), but I am unable to give any 
particulars as to its biology. 
10. Genus: Synegiodes Swinh. 
A small genus, predominantly Himalayan but extending into W. China and Formosa. Evidently 
related to Calothysanis, with which it has in common the strongly pectinate antenna, the fully developed 
hindleg in both sexes and often the venation-scheme. Differs in shape, coloration and pattern and has the sub¬ 
costal venation much more inconstant; <$ genitalia with the same essential structure as in Calothysanis, but 
without the long-extended sacculus-arm (fibula), the uncus in one or two of the species less specialised. 
A. Section. Areole of forewing double. 
Unless perhaps by S. hyriaria Walk., a common N. Indian species which has occurred in Yunnan, this 
section seems unrepresented in the Palaearctic Region. 
B. Section. Areole of forewing simple. 
S. brunnearia Leech (Vol. 4, pi. 5 f). Although somewhat divergent from the rest of the Synegiodes, brunnearia 
less brightly coloured and with simpler markings, this species is evidently better placed here than in Anise- 
phyra, to which I previously referred it. The classification will be further considered in Vol. 12. It must be 
pointed out that the insect figured by Oberthur (Et. Lep.Comp., Vol. 12, fig. 3256) as brunnearia is wrongly 
determined and seems to be a large, brightly colom'ed $ of D. atrisparsaria Wehrli (4 b, see p. 26). Our figure 
was evidently overlooked, as Oberthur says that brunnearia had “never been figured - '. The crown of the 
head is brownish-tinged in brunnearia , never pure white. 
11. Genus: Calothysanis Him. 
We have learned since the publication of Vol. 4 that this genus (= Timandra Dup.) contains many 
more species than was at that time supposed. Chiefly through the study of the genitalia, which are extra¬ 
ordinarily interesting and diversified, it has been found that there are at least five Palaearctic or Indian species 
which are so closely like amata L. in shape, colour and markings as to have been very generally mixed among 
it in collections. Three are now described as new; a single specimen of each was known to me as long ago as 
1917, but two of them were indefinitely localised and I thought it wiser to withhold publication until oppor¬ 
tunity had been found for the examination of the genitalia of considerable numbers. With the valued colla¬ 
boration of Mr. W. H. T. Tams as regards the British Museum material, this has now been undertaken and it 
is possible to give an orderly introduction to a knowledge of the principal Palaearctic representatives. 
Calothysanis is divisible into two sections according to the character of the uncus; Section B contains 
so few species, and these so easily distinguishable, that no preliminary key is needed; for Section A, marked 
differences in the uncus, “costa” (chitinous dorsal part of valve), “sacculus” (ventral section of valve) and 
“fibula” (or harpe, here generally a long, free, chitinous arm, sometimes a shorter, only distally freed chiti¬ 
nous process) allow of the following tabulation, amongst others: 
1. Sacculus short.2 
Sacculus long (reaching or nearing end of fibula) .4 
2. Costa forked. amata L. 
Costa not forked.3 
3. Appendage of uncus forming a long down-curved arm ... . apicirosea sp. n. 
Appendage of uncus forming a strong bifid plate. dichela sp. n. 
