SCOPULA. By L. B. Pbout. 
fuligiuosa. 
bruneomar- 
ginata. 
purpureo- 
fasciata. 
subangula- 
ria. 
ochraceata. 
anomala. 
nubilata. 
turbulenta¬ 
ria. 
steiribache 
ri. 
halimo- 
dcndrata. 
ochroleu- 
caria 
36 
brown, almost black-brown, but with the black lines still standing out sharply. Corsica, recurrent; the type 
is large, but this distinction is probably inconstant. — ab. fuliginosa Strand is founded on a 2nd brood $ from 
Ignalino (Lithuania) and is described as smoky blackish, without red tinge, the markings little distinct, the 
area between the median and postmedian of both wings a little lighter. Probably the one name of obscurata 
will suffice for this and that form, but as that seems to have been a chance aberration while this may be, 
according to Petersen, a regular season-dimorph in the Baltic Provinces, I have quoted both in detail pending 
further comparisons. — ab. bruneomarginata Schawerda. Distal third of both wings entirely filled with dark 
brown. Herzegovina, several examples. — ab. purpureofasciata Dannehl is probably scarcely to be separated 
from the preceding. “Light brown-yellow”, the distal area of both wings entirely “dark brown-rose”. Founded 
on 3 $$ and 1 $ from Terlan, South Tyrol, this pretty aberration is known to me from several localities in 
Spain, etc. The preceding, which Dr. Schawerda was inclined to consider pecidiar to Herzegovina, may be 
a duller-coloured modification. —- subangularia H.-Sch. was presumably an aberrant specimen of the present 
species, but insufficiently described and without locality. “Forewing with 3 darker lines and a paler sub- 
terminal, both wings with central dot, colour somewhat purplish grey, similar to worn examples of rubricaria 
[rubiginata] , fringes traversed by a sharp dark line, hindwing scarcely appreciably angled.” —- ochraceata Stgr. 
(4h). We figure this predominantly eastern race from the Ural. 
S. turbidaria Hb. ab. anomala Bubacek , founded on a $ from Granada, lias the customary dark irro- 
ration greatly reduced, showing itself chiefly in the basal part of the wings, and is further erratic in having 
the lines much more approximated to one another and to the base of the wings; the median shade of the fore¬ 
wing runs through the cell-dot and is twice connected with the antemedian behind the 2nd median vein, that 
of the hindwing is very near the base. — f. nubilata Th.-Mieg (= syritaurica Wehrli) (4 h) is the very dark form 
mentioned, but not named, in Vol. 4, p. 58. Thierry-Mieg described it as entirely irrorated with blackish 
grey. Amanus Mountains (loc. typ.), Syria, Cyprus and European Turkey. A study of the forms from Cyprus, 
with exact dates and other oecological particulars, would be instructive, as every gradation between nubilata 
and turbidaria seems to occur there, the latter perhaps almost exclusively between April and June. —- f. turbu- 
lentaria Stgr. (= ochroleucata Sterneck olim, nec H.-Sch.) (Vol. 4, pi. 5 g, as ochroleucata) is treated by Stern- 
eck, in his “Studien uber Acidaliinae”, as a species apart, but he admits that the structure is almost that of 
turbidaria. As some confusion has arisen between turbulentaria and ochroleu caria. the distinctions deserve em¬ 
phasis. The fibula belongs in turbidaria to the rubiginata- group (weakly chitinized, almost transparent) in 
ochroleucaria to Sterneck's section Ustocidalia (strongly chitinized, its apical part almost black); the cerata 
are here nearly symmetrical, in ochroleucaria extremely asymmetrical, and there are several other differences 
in the genitalia. Further, the hindtarsus of the $ in turbulentaria is fully as long as the tibia, while in ochro¬ 
leucaria it is appreciably shorter, although “three-fifths”, given in Vol. 4, was a slight under-estimate; the 
postmedian line in the present species is less deeply dentate, the terminal more continuous (or at least segment- 
formed), particularly on the forewing beneath, while that of ochroleucaria is marked by very sharply black dots 
between the veins; the proximal subterminal line is broader, more band-like in the present species; finally, the 
forewing is as a rule slightly shorter in proportion than in ochroleucaria . Staudinger's originals came from Greece, 
taken in July; to the localities cited in Ids Catalog should be added Ste. Bauine (Siepi), Central and South 
Italy, Morocco and Palestine. - — steinbacheri subsp. nov. (6 g). Ground-colour as in the most warmly coloured 
examples of name-typical turbidaria or slightly more inclining towards that of rubiginata ; dark markings strong, 
particularly the ante- and postmedian lines, which are very sharply defined, the latter (especially on the hind¬ 
wing) more sinuous than is usual in this species; cell-dot of hindwing often elongate. Darekeroudbar, Sabatku, 
Mazanderan, Elburz Mountains, N. Persia, 14—-21 May 1931 (F. Steinbacher), 13 GS in the Tring Museum. 
Two from the same locality, 23 July 1931, have the black irroration somewhat slighter, beginning to recall the 
tone of turbulentaria, but still with characteristic, sharply black postmedian. 
S. haliniodendrata Ersch. Sterneck has demonstrated from the genitalia that this belongs with tur¬ 
bidaria and not with rubiginata ; as it is probably an incipient species I follow him in giving it the binary 
nomenclature in preference to making a new and probably only temporary trinomial. He differentiates it 
from turbidaria by a number of details; the most noteworthy are the ochre-yellow ground-colour, the loss 
(or extreme weakness) of the subterminal shades, and the uniformly reddish-oclireous underside, without dark 
irroration. 
S. ochroleucaria Ii.-Sch. (= remotata part. Ob., Gulot, nec Guen.) (4 h). This species (or rather, sub¬ 
species of minorata Bsd., Vol. 16, p. 73; pi. 7 g) was figured as ochroleucata. the year before it was described; 
but as no generic name was attached it had no standing in a binary system. As some errors crept into the 
account given in Vol. 4 of the present work (the worst being the accidental substitution of a Syrian specimen 
of turbulentaria for figuring on pi. 5) a fresh figure is here given, taken from a Calabrian $ bred by R. Pungeler. 
A comparison with turbulentaria has been given above; hindtarsus of £ about % hindtibia or scarcely more, 
the tibial pencils perhaps stronger than in turbulentaria. As it is now known from Palestine, there is scar- 
