SCOPULA. By L. B. Prout. 
39 
than in typical forms, but more intense). — ab. nigropumctata Hartmann <!• Sterneck has “distinct stripes, uni- nigropunc- 
colorous marginal area and barge, round, black terminal dots at the inner angle of each wing produced in wedge- 
shape”. Founded on a from Bela, Bohemia. — ab. zernyi Schaiverda is entirely grey with very fine black zernyi. 
irroration, the lines scarcely traceable. Albarracin, 1 $, the species to which it belongs not quite certain. — 
argillacea Prout (Vol. 4, p. 151) proves to be the prevailing, but not the only, form in N. Africa, perhaps “ab. argillacea. 
loc.” rather than “snbsp.” It is found in Morocco and Tunis as well as Algeria. — From the Elburz Moun¬ 
tains, N. Persia, comes a very large form (almost certainly racial), 27—31 mm, commonly attaining 30 (an 
expanse which is only reached in about 2 per cent, of some 500 others which I have tested), generally strongly 
marked and greyer than in most localities. — terrigena subsp. nov. (4i). A series of 26 in the Tring collection terrigena. 
(F. Steinbaciier). 
S. cleoraria Walk. (Pi) may be likened to marginepunctata in coloration and design. with the fascicles cleoraria. 
of cilia much longer, hindtarsus less long (barely % tibia). Collar not noticeably darkened. Wings somewhat 
less broad; forewing with costal spots more pronounced, cell-dot rather larger but less sharply black; hindwing 
with distal margin somewhat more sinuous; both wings with postmedian line somewhat more distally placed. 
The Indian fibulata Guen., to which Hambson has sunk it, has more nearly the antenna and hindleg of margine¬ 
punctata, some brown suffusions which are wanting in cleoraria and a submutata- like terminal line (running 
round the apex of the forewing), cleoraria is distributed in the Punjab and has a subspecies in the N. E. Hima¬ 
layas. The typical cleoraria has generally the pale coloration of typical marginepunctata , but suffused examples 
(analogous to ab. orphnaeata Fuchs) are not entirely unknown. 
S. tsekuensis sp. n. (6 g). Much like large, well-marked cleoraria (4 i) the collar similarly without tsekuensis. 
darkening. Antennal shaft in <$ fairly thick, with the joints slightly projecting, the fascicles over 1, but less 
long than in cleoraria. Hindtibia of £ long, with strong white pencil, tarsus little over ft. Forewing with 
costal spots rather strong, postmedian somewhat more deeply sinuous and denticulate than in cleoraria, usually 
followed by ill-defined brownish or grey maculation proximally to the two enlarged white spots of the sub¬ 
terminal. Underside of hindwing less suffused than that of forewing, showing traces of the postmedian line. 
West China, the typical series consisting of 12 from Tseku (Dubernard) ex coll. Oberthur; type in the British 
Museum. The “cerata” (about equal in cleoraria) are peculiar in that the right-hand one is shortened and some¬ 
what curved, the left-hand one less short. 
S. subtracta sp. n. (4 k). Similar to a small, greyish cleoraria, length of a forewing 10 or 11 mm. An- subtracta. 
tenna of $ with the fascicles as long as in cleoraria or slightly longer (at least twice diameter of shaft), hind- 
tarsus nearly as long as tibia. Collar dark brown — a ready distinction from its nearest relatives. Costal spots 
scarcely developed. Fringes iirorated to the base (in cleoraria with a whitish basal line). The tongue seems 
a little longer and slenderer, but no measurements have been made. $ genitalia less robust than in the two 
preceding, right ceras long, left quite short. Commonest at Simla and Sabathu, known also from Masuri; 
perhaps scarcely Palaearctic. The type is a £ from Simla, May 1886, in the Tring Museum. 
S. fulminataria Trti. (4 k) is closely like the most brightly coloured forms of luridata, with which also fulmina- 
it agrees in structure (probably a form). Still brighter reddish ochreous, without any blackish admixture in 
the lines or the costal spots; terminal and fringe-dots very weak. Cyrenaica. I have only seen one specimen, 
a $ in perfect condition. 
S. luridata Zell. (4k) ab. (?) forrnosaria H.-Sch., from Crete, is obviously a well-marked example of formosaria 
this species with rather red-ochre ground-colour. Perhaps really synonymous with the type, perhaps transi¬ 
tional towards fulminataria. — sternecki Prout (= chinensis Sterneck, nom. praeocc.). Vertex clean white, sternecki. 
collar red-brown, cell-dot of hindwing more distal to the median line; underside better marked than in the 
type form, cell-dots and postmedian line well visible, the latter even quite conspicuous on the hindwing. Corea 
(type); also Pekin and Omei-shan. Probably a separate species. — Outside the Palaearctic Region, luridata 
is represented in Somaliland, Arabia and Sind, probably also elsewhere in India. 
S. vigilata (Mann, M. S.) Prout (4 k) is the correct name for the insect briefly described in Vol. 4 under vigilata. 
submutata as a S. Italian to Sicilian race, but erroneously sunk to gianellaria Turati. F. Wagner, Wehrli 
and Sohn-Rethel have called attention to the misidentification (see below) and the last-named has expressed 
a belief that vigilata is a separate species, since both it and a very different-looking form of submutata occur 
together in the Sabine Mountains; but it has apparently not been noticed that it differs in the leg-structure 
from its more widely distributed ally; hindtibia slender, without pencil and with a single terminal spur, tarsus 
elongate. The tongue also seems to be longer, so that it to some extent connects Scopula with Glossotrophia , 
but the $ is 4-spurred. The words “usually of a clean white”, in my description, were misleading and referred 
to the paucity of the irroration; the ground-tone shows an inclination to ivory-white. Sohn-Rethel considers 
it distinguishable from small submutata by the somewdiat shorter and more rounded wings, with more arched 
