40 
SCOPULA. By L. B. Proht. 
costa; markings very sharp, more ochre-yellowish, the characteristic markings of distal area less confluent. 
iurafii. Central Italy to Sicily. — turatii F. Wagn. (4 k). Superficially very unlike vigilata in its dense irroration, hut 
as it agrees in structure and in the general character of the markings, I suspect it is a latva-form of the same. 
Described from Nicolosi, Etna. 
siibmutata. S. subniutata TV. (4 k) remains, even after the elimination of the two preceding forms, a very variable 
species. The variation, as Wagner has shown in a preliminary revision, is largely geographical, but one needs 
very ample material before the racial can be distinguished definitely from the individual. The name-typical 
race, as here figured, has a slightly bluish tone and is fairly constant (within moderate limits) in Croatia (the 
type locality), Carniola, Dalmatia, the Balkans, etc. The forms from Central Italy, so far as they are known 
to me, are a good deal like the type, though probably they will require a separate name; according to Sohn- 
cyanata. Rethel, rather poorly marked. —- ah. cyanata Schawerda is the most strongly blue-banded development of 
nigricans, the name-typical race. Bocac (Bosnia) and Zengg (Croatia). —- ab. nigricans Th.-Mieg, founded (with a refer¬ 
ence also to Gtjenee's unnamed Auvergne $) on a $ from St. Pons, is strongly powdered with black and can 
gianellaria. scarcely be regarded as supplanting any of the subspecific names. — gianellaria Trti. (6 g), perhaps an aber¬ 
ration, perhaps a mountain race, is a small and obscure form from the Valle d’Aosta; markings heavy, parti¬ 
cularly the subterminal, colouring fairly typical. By an inexcusable confusion, I assumed this to be a Sicilian 
race and hence united the name with vigilata (see above). Dr. Wehrli has forms from Torbole, S. Tyrol, which 
roseonitens. are at least similar. — roseonitens F. Wagn. (4 k). This name can be applied comprehensively to the West 
Mediterranean forms, which have a definitely more brownish tone when compared with the typical race; not 
rarely there is a slight rosy gloss (whence the name) or, particularly in Spain, an ochre or yellowish tinge. The 
originals came from the Esterel and Ventimiglia (Italian Riviera), but I can see little difference in the Spanish 
flava. forms, or at least those from Catalonia. — ab. flava Kitt (4 k) was founded on a from the Pyrenees (Vernet- 
les-Bains), differentiated by its deep bone-yellow ground-colour. If, as has sometimes been assumed, the forms 
from these mountains and those of Central Spain really constitute a race apart the synonymy will be very 
complicated, as some authors have endeavoured to raise the aberrational name to sub-specific rank. —- ab. 
marginata. marginata Front (Vol. 4, p. 64) was, however, erected on a Spanish aberration 12 years earlier, yet the spe- 
submutula- cimen is definitely not characteristic of the race. See also ab. nigricans (1916) above. — submutulata Rbl. 
ta. (Vol. 4, p. 64). As there is some uncertainty regarding the status of this form and the reference (Berk Ent. 
Zeitsclir., Vol. 47, p. 96) is not cited in our index, we give the original account verbatim: “Kalavryba [N. Moreaj, 
4 Sept., a number of strikingly small with almost pure white ground colour, which produce a very different 
impression and belong to the unpublished form submutulata (Stgr., i. h). I consider it worth naming.” If this 
is merely a second brood of submutata, such as occurs at Limassol, Cyprus, in October and November, it is not ex¬ 
ceptionally important, but the “very different impression” produced may perhaps point to vigilata, for which 
nivellaria. it would be the prior name. —- nivellearia Oberth. (7 a) is a large, warmly coloured and sharply marked form 
from Morocco (and ? Western Algeria), the black irroration generally heavy. It evidently intergrades with 
psendhone- the following race, over which, if they are merged, it will have priority. — pseudhonestata Wehrli (5 a), from 
stata. sou thern Spain, is on an average less large than nivellearia, with perhaps less yellow in the ground-colour and 
less extreme black markings, though the black costal spots are conspicuous and the sharpness of the markings, 
brownish median shade and variegated distal area remain characteristic. Named from its superficial resem¬ 
blance to honestata Mob. (Vol. 4, pi. 3 m). It was at first supposed to be a widely distributed mountain form in the 
Mediterranean countries, taurilibanotica and even vigilata having been confused with it. If the name is conserved, 
however, I think it will avoid confusion to restrict it to the Andalusian, etc., for which it was originally pro- 
tauriliba- posed, although I admit that some from Cyprus (? taurilibanotica) are pretty similar to it. —- taurilibanotica 
notica. Wehrli (— syrilibanotica Wehrli) (5 a) is characterized by the strongly developed grey-blue (more rarely grey- 
brownish) spots on the blue-grey proximal-subterminal shade, which is otherwise poorly developed; suggestive 
of the same area in decorata. Marasch and Beyrut. — From Askbabad I have seen only 2 $$ (kindly sub¬ 
mitted by Dr. Wehrli, who has others), representing probably a further race, or even a closely related species 
(termen of forewing perhaps a trifle more oblique); more brownish than taurilibanotica and with neither the 
characteristic subterminal maculation of that form nor that of pseudhonestata, while the strong costal spots 
(including a small subterminal one), contrasted Avith comparatively clean central area —- especially between 
median and postmedian lines — separate it from the variable roseonitens series; median shade of forewing rather 
sharply angled near costa, then strongly oblique, postmedian on neither wing with the sinuosities very deep: 
transcaspi- subsp. (? sp.) transcaspica nov. (5 a). 
S. farinaria Leech (5 a). We figure Leech's type, which remains the only specimen known to me. 
S. incanata L. ab. adjunctaria Bsd. (5 a) has been recorded from various other localities (Switzerland, 
" " ria ^ IC Tyrol, Moravia, etc.) and has little, if any, geographical importance. We figure a $ from Savoy. —- ab. 
seminigra. seminigra Rbl. Both wings, especially about the veins, much suffused with blackish as far as the subterminal 
ca. 
farinaria. 
incanata. 
