44 
SCOPULA. Bv L. B. Prout. 
nigerrima. 
mus. 
anasiomo- 
saria. 
insubrica. 
rossica. 
substriga- 
ria. 
subtilis. 
albicans. 
parallela- 
ria. 
major aria. 
graeseri. 
szechuanen- 
sis. 
nigropunc- 
tata. 
anastomo- 
saria. 
subcandi- 
data. 
subalbu- 
lata. 
ochrea. 
rubella. 
nigrisig- 
nata. 
modicaria. 
emnia. 
S. virgulata Schiff. ab. nigerrima Rbl. (= rehfousiana Culot, rehfousaria Culot, rehfousiaria Gulot) (6 h) 
is black, with yellow-grey patagia and fringes. In Rebel's type (Nagy-Nyir, Hungary) the cell-dots are enlarged 
and the terminal line complete, Culot's (La Plaine, Canton of Geneva) is said to retain traces of the pale sub¬ 
terminal, but separate names are certainly not needed. — ab. mus Kaucki is similar, but less extreme, above uni- 
colorous mouse-grey, beneath also darkened, but conserving the typical markings. Poland. — ab. anastomosaria 
Preissecker. Antemedian and median lines confluent. — insubrica Vorbrodt is said to constitute a geographical 
race in the Tnsubiican district (Italian Switzerland); if so, its name comes into collision with marginepunctata 
f. insubrica. Strikingly yellowish, often very large and rather strongly marked. — rossica Djakonov, from the 
neigbourhood of Leningrad, is a small, densely dark-scaled race, with the lines usually very indistinct, cell-dot 
nearly always wanting. It is there associated with the peat-moors. — substrigaria Stgr. must (as I already con¬ 
jectured) be treated as a race of virgulata, connected by transitions. Less small and somewhat more ochreous 
than rossica , otherwise similar. Djakonov adds Minussinsk to its range. — subtilis subsp. nov. is paler than the 
type, at times almost as white as albicans, and has the lines slender, the cell-dot of the hindwing strong. Korea 
(type) and southern Ussuri; a very small form (perhaps racially separable) at Tientsin. See on parallelaria. —< 
albicans Front (5 c). The few further specimens which I have seen from Japan confirm the validity of this race, 
or representative species. The genitalia show only trifling differences. We figure a heavily marked 2 from Oiwake. 
S. parallelaria Warr. (5 c). This species, of which I have now been able to study the type and a few 
other (JcL all from W. China, has no close connection with virgulata, nor with the Korean specimens ( subtilis) 
which I supposed to represent it. On an average smaller than virgulata and scarcely so broad-winged. Hind- 
tibia of $ more strongly dilated, with the tarsus only about %. Ground-colour decidedly tinged with yellowish, 
irroration not very heavy; cell-dots present, though very small; median shade on hindwing continuing that of 
forewing, crossing or touching the cell-dot. 
S. umbelaria Hbn. majoraria Leech (5 c). There is a note by Pungeler (Iris, Vol. 10, p. 363) that a 
large whitish q from Japan, almost without markings, is somewhat questionable as regards the determination, 
“as the antennae are longer ciliated." I cannot see that this is the case in the material which I have examin¬ 
ed, but would direct attention to the statement of this excellent observer. The genitalia show no material diverg¬ 
ence. —* graeseri subsp. nov. (= majoraria Sterneck , nec Leech) (5 c) is similar, not quite so large (especially 
the 2), still whiter or cleaner, the fine dark irroration being slighter, forewing beneath less strongly suffused. 
Ussuri and the adjacent districts. First recorded by Graeser as “general in Amurland, more or less common.” 
S. szechuanensis Prout (5 c). As the genitalia are very unlike those of umbelaria (structure much simpler) 
the distinctness of this species is confirmed. 
S, nigropunctata Hufn. (= variegata Steph.). The addition of this synonym, accidentally omitted from 
Vol. 4, is necessary not only for the sake of completeness but also to explain the change of name of one of the 
aberrations described below. —- ab. anastomosaria Preissecker, with the antemedian and median lines of the fore¬ 
wing anastomosing, was taken by its author at Klosterneuburg, Lower Austria. —• subcandidata Walk. The va¬ 
riability of the Chinese race (or races) was mentioned in Vol. 4 but not studied in detail. Dr. Sterneck has 
carried the matter a step further by naming some of the principal forms which were found in the Stotzner 
collections. — f. subalbulataS'ferwecA’. More whitish thanEuropean nigropunctata, though somewhat irrorated with 
black, cell-dots more sharply expressed, median shade sharper, more line-like, terminal line more dissolved into 
dots, underside (especially of hindwing) decidedly weaker marked. Omihsien and Vladivostok. —- f. ochrea 
Sterneck. Similar to the type in size, intensity of markings, etc., but reddish ochre-yellow instead of whitish-grev, 
termen of hindwing somewhat more strongly bent. Kwanhsien, 1 $. — f. rubella Sterneck is likewise reddish 
ochreous, on an average larger than ochrea and typical subcandidata, the markings more or less weak. West China 
(Kwanhsien, etc.), frequent; also Pekin. — f. nigrisignata Prout (= variegata Sterneck, nec Steph.). Size of 
rubella (expanse 22—-25 mm, measured from tip to tip in set specimens), but very sharply marked, the markings 
black, not grey, the median shade and postmedian line particularly prominent, the latter with the distal vein- 
dots accentuated; cell-dots large and black; terminal dots strong. Sumpanting and Omihsien, W. China. —- The 
dates of the Stotzner material seem to show that the second generation is not necessarily smaller than the 
first. It should be added that vagata Walk., cited by Leech as the brownish Kiukiang form of the present spe¬ 
cies, has nothing whatever to do with nigropunctata, but is a synonym of vacuata Guen., both types from Sa¬ 
rawak. 
S. modicaria Leech (Vol. 4, pi. 5 e). A similar £ from Pekin has been determined by Sterneck as pro¬ 
visionally belonging here but lias the postmedian (of the forewing ?) running straight to the costa near the apex. 
S. emma Prout (5 d). We figure the original $ (allotype; see Vol. 4, p. 75). I subsequently recorded 
the same species from Formosa and (quite erroneously) suggested that it might be a form of kagiata Bastelb. 
It appears, however, that the Formosan examples differ appreciably from those of West China and a separate 
name which has been given them ( jordani West) will be accepted in Vol. 12. 
