KYRTOLITHA. By L. B. Prout. 
72 
that rubrior was similar to this, except in lacking the hroacl purple border of the hindwing; for I failed to 
make it clear that aucta had three bands on the forewing — “the outer band almost as broad as the median 
band" (Krausse); whether these two bands coalesced posteriorly (as in Spuler’s pi. 63, fig. 20, from which 
it is differentiated) or whether they were free throughout is not indicated. In any case a remarkable form. — 
semipurpu- ab. semipurpurata Pfau , founded on a $ from Pomerania (Wolgast district), is a curious modification of ab. 
raia - rubrior, with a broad red border to the hindwing b e n e a t h , recalling that of the upperside of the 
ornata. forewing. — ab. ornata Bubacek. Red markings strong, with the addition of a cell-dot on the forewing 
purpuras- and 2 distinct, parallel lines on the hindwing above and. beneath. Retz, Lower Austria. — ab. purpurascens 
cens. Xitt has the ground-colour itself changed to bright purple-brown, the markings normal, deep-red. — ab. 
hilariata. hilariata Kitt also has the markings normal, but the ground-colour is light ochre-yellow to chrome- 
suffusa. yellow, without the usual greenish tone. — ab. suffusa Lempke. Ground-colour of the forewing blackish 
olive, the purple bands less intense than usual. Said to be not rare in the summer broad, (at least in Holland) 
nigricaria. and to bear much resemblance to an overgrowm demaisoni. — ab. nigricaria Lempke is a further and rarer deve¬ 
lopment of the summer brood, the forewing blackish w ithout the purple bands; the type £ from Montferland. 
depurpu - ab. depurpurata Kitt is described as having the forewing greenish ochre-yellow, both wings above and be- 
raia - neath without markings; an approximation, very rare in this species, to purpuraria ab. lutearia. This and Kitt's 
other two aberrations (purpurascens and hilariata) were taken in Austrian Silesia, between Olnxutz and Jagern- 
effusata. dorf. — ab. effusata Lempke has the bands very feebly marked, according to Lempke's figure so feebly that 
griseoline- it might almost be merged in depurpurata. Holland. — ab. griseolineata Czekelius has the bands of the fore- 
°ta- w i n g dark grey; griseovittata Lempke, which I treat as a synonym (since both are said to correspond to purpuraria 
tenuivittaia. ab. mevesi) has them considerably paler grey and was founded on a $ from Soest, Holland. — ab. tenuivittata 
Lempke has the bands narrowed, but scarcely needs a separate name; not rare; the type $, from Loosduinen, 
unifascia, shows the costal forking of the outer band. — ab. uniiascia Bubacek lacks the proximal (incomplete) purple 
trilineata. band of the forewing. Type a dj of the summer broad from Retz. Lower Austria. — ab. trilineata Stauder (7 c) 
has the median and postmedian bands of the forewing separate throughout. Founded, on a $ from Burroni, 
Aspromonte; from the same part of Italy (near Reggio) the Tring Museum has received a few examples, one 
of which is here figured. A year later (June 1917 ) Hannemann independently used the same name for this 
trifurca. same form, claiming as the type a $ from Strausberg (Potsdam) in his own collection. — ab. trifurca Hanne- 
mann has the antemedian band running into the median band about the middle of the wing, whole the outer 
band remains free, as in ab. trilineata', analogous to sanguinaria ab. confluens Oberth. (7 d), though without 
the additional purple suffusion. This and all Hahnemann's other aberrations excepting trilineata were bred 
conjunctiva, from Berlin larvae. — ab. conjunctiva Lempke, corresponding to the aberration of like designation in purpuraria , 
has the antemedian band, connected with the broad outer band, which latter may be (as in typical purpurata) 
demaisoni. forked at its costal end. or fused throughout. — gen. vern. demaisoni Prout. I am severely criticized by Lempke 
for stating that this is “rather" (i. e., somewhat) smaller than the spring form of purpuraria, this statement 
having apparently been translated into French as “b e a u c o u p plus petite". Judged on sufficient series, the 
size difference is immaterial; typical demaisoni can be separated, from deceptoria ab. sordidaria by the markings. 
unicotora. — ab. unicolora Lempke, uniform blackish on the forewing, without a trace of the purple bands, is more diffi¬ 
cult to separate from deceptoria, but Warnecke (in litt., Lempke) has pointed out that in a strong light (elec¬ 
tricity or, still better, sunlight) the position of the markings is generally still traceable, and I w r ould add that 
in some cases the underside will also give the required clue. — Occasional spring-brood, specimens show the 
pseudoiy- coloration of the summer brood; Lempke calls such specimens ab. pseudotypica, or, if aberrant, would prefix 
pica, “pseudo” to their aberrational name. — purpurata is now known to be distributed from France and the Low- 
Countries to Bulgaria and Macedonia and Zerny adds Erdschias Dagh, Asia Minor. The life-history has been 
elucidated by Trap (in Sepp, Vol. 6) and by Predota and Rebel. The egg is believed, to be somewhat less 
bright green than that of purpuraria ; larvae extremely similar, purpurata perhaps the less variable, scarcely 
distinguishable from sharply marked purpuraria ; at Nyirbator, ca. 50 km. N. of Debreczin, where Predota 
found the larvae at large, they were feeding on Rumex acetosella. Rebel believes that Buckler’s carefully 
described larvae (Larv. Brit. Moths, Vol. 7 , p. 144 seq.) were a dark form of purpurata. — sanguinaria Dup. ab. 
confluens. confluens Oberth. (7 d). To facilitate comparisons with analogous forms of its more widely distributed relative 
( l purpurata confluens of Romaniszyn, cfr. Lempke), we reproduce the figure of the type of this aberration 
(see Vol. 4, p. 156), a £ from Vernet-les-Bains. 
4. Genus: ICyrtolitlia Stgr. 
(See Vol. 4, p. 157). 
This genus is almost certainly more closely related to Kuldscha than the sequence in the Staudinger- 
Rebel Catalog, adopted in this work, would indicate. It would, I think, be possible either to increase or to 
reduce the number of genera to be recognized in the group. 
purpurea- K. purpureotincta Sterneck (7 d). Larger than the genotype. Palpus quite short, hairy beneath. An- 
tnuta. tenna of the with the joints (especially those of the proximal part) projecting and closely but shortly ciliated. 
