ORTHOLITHA. By L. B. Prout. 
77 
0. (?) kiminaiana Matsumura is said to be near burgaria Eversm. Measures only “26 mm” and the kiminaiana. 
figure looks like a little sharply-banded Golostygia or in that vicinity. “Differs as follows: The broad central 
band to forewing on the innerside wavy, nob excurved as in burgaria; basal and subbasal band distinct, the 
latter broadest at the costa; the interspaces 5 and 6 each with a fuscous spot; terminal line black, inter¬ 
rupted; discoidal spot conspicuous. Hindwing in the middle with a curved fuscous band, which is geemulated 
in interspace 3; terminal line black, scarcely interrupted at the veins. Underside pale grey, each wing in the 
middle with a wavy curved fuscous band, that of the hindwing narrower and not distinct, discoidal spot of 
hindwing distinct. Palpus black, the lower part with some greyish scales.” Saghalien, only known. 
0. pintiaria Christ. (1 h). A few of the original Kurusch series came into the Elwes collection, and pinnaria. 
we are able to figure a good 
0. bipunctaria Schijf. Oviposition, according to C. Schneider, as with chenopodiata ; the larva, how- bipunctaria. 
ever, on account of the later appearance of the imago, only reaches the 2nd instar before hibernation. He 
fed it likewise on Vicia tetrasperma. — ab. loc. pallidata Vorbrodt (Vol. 4, p. 419). As so many names have pallidata. 
been given to the pale or white forms of bipunctaria , it is not easy to decide which should be treated as syno¬ 
nymous, especially when the original descriptions lack precision. Vorbrodt merely says “the whole insect 
much paler, almost whitish; chalk form”; and gives as localities Hothen, Martigny, Jura near Geneva, Beri- 
sal, Frauenfeld. So far as I can see, the forms of the Swiss Jura are, in the aggregate, intermediate between 
jurassica and sandalica (discussed below), but I doubt whether they can be separated rigidly; nor can I differ¬ 
entiate from them the white, moderately well marked forms which occur in suitable localities in France. I 
suspect, too, that albescens Fernandez, recently described (through an error which is explained below) as a form 
of octodurensis, should be merged in pallidata, though I gather that at Burgos (Spain), whence it is described, 
it is only an occasional aberration among an abundance of less white forms, and not on a calcareous soil. 
— ab. pallidior Th.-Mieg. Almost entirely white (scarcely greyish), the lines faint, the median band wanting pallidior. 
(i. e., remaining of the ground-colour); the two lines which bound it weak. Founded on a $ from the Mari¬ 
time Alps, erichi Schaiverda is only a slightly less extreme development of pallidior and the older and more 
descriptive name may suffice for both these weakly marked modifications of pallidata; the type of erichi , also 
a $, comes from Draga di Lovrana. — ab. unipunctata Wehrli has the cell- dot single instead of double; unipunctata. 
the type $ is from Zermatt. — ab. confluens Wehrli has the two cell-dots united into a single streak; the type 
*■' x 0 ** confluens, 
$ from Tasch, near Zermatt. — ab. tangens Wehrli. The two dark bars (narrow bands) which bound the i an g ens /" 
median area confluent in their middle part, diverging again posteriorly. Not altogether rare, Basle district, 
etc. — ab. extrapunctata Dannehl is said to have the dots before (i. e., proximal to) the outer margin developed extrapunc- 
into strong, cloudy, connected spots and to occur probably among all races of bipunctaria. As it is inconceiv- taia - 
able that the terminal dots should attain this development, the reference must be to one or both of the sub¬ 
terminal series, probably the proximal, which is not infrequently strengthened in this way. — ab. nigra ( B .- nigra. 
Haas in litt.) Trti. is described as smoky grey, with the lines and bands of the forewing of an intense black, 
somewhat recalling maritima but not so extremely black. One specimen taken at Sestola, Modenese Appennines, 
together with typical “glaucous-whitish” forms and the following. — ab. nigrifasciaria Trti. has the ground- nigrifascia- 
colour a “wonderful glaucescent slaty-grey”, the lines more accentuated, the basal and the median band of 
the forewing completely filled with black. Founded on 2 specimens. A pretty modification or intensification 
of our herberti (Vol. 4, pi. 6 i) of rare occurrence. — The prevalent English form, so characteristic of our 
southern chalk downs, is about (or almost) as white as pallidata but relatively small (length of a forewing 
generally 15 — 17 mm) and weakly marked and may be called cretata subsp. nov. (7 h). In enormous numbers cretata. 
of bipunctaria which I have seen, only a few continental individuals (chiefly French) could really be mistaken 
for it. — ab. obliterate Front. (14 k), of which we now figure the type, is also from England, but purely an obliterata. 
aberration, not the typical race (see Vol. 4, p. 163) and therefore not supplanting it. It corresponds ap¬ 
proximately to the ab. pallidior of bipunctaria (or rather, of f. pallidata). — ab. altoida Ckll., founded on a atbida. 
Lewes specimen, is said to be “a pure albino”, the only such in the collection of Jenner Weir. — Jurassica jurassica. 
Osthelder (7 h) is near sandalica (7 h), but with a little brownish tone remaining in the central band of the 
forewing. Bavarian Jura (loc. typ.); the form from the Swiss Jura agrees, according to some authorities, in 
which case I suppose jurassica must sink to pallidata. — sandalica Schaiverda (7 h) is not, as I suggested (Vol. 4, sandalica. 
p. 164) before I had made acquaintance with the form, a race of octodurensis . Neither is it confined to Herze¬ 
govina, but appears to be pretty general in S. Europe; besides being distributed in Bosnia, Montenegro, Al¬ 
bania and Macedonia, it is treated by Dannehl (probably with justification) as identical with the Italian 
bipunctaria, or at least those of the Abruzzi. — ab. filigrammaria Dannehl. Ground-colour light, with a bluish fiiigram- 
timbre, the markings of the forewing sharp, all of nearly uniform strength and about equidistant. Very rare maria. 
in the Abruzzi, among myriads of the ordinary form; type from Montagna Grande. — hellwegeri Stauder (7 h) hellivegeri. 
is a slaty form from the Tyrol, the given distribution Innsbruck, Oetztal and N. Tyrol. Stattder considers 
it a well-defined race. — maritima Seebold (7 i). We now give a figure of this well-established race, which, maritima. 
strictly speaking, seems to be confined to the environs of Bilbao, near the sea. It certainly does not belong 
to octodurensis. — On the status of “ bipunctaria ab. grisescens” see the following species. 
