108 
LYGRIS. By L. B. Prout. 
trigoniplaga. 
obscuraia. 
arctica. 
estonica. 
samnitica. 
dolomitica. 
leucoptera. 
annexa. 
testata.. 
insulicola. 
fuscata. 
obscura. 
achatinata. 
karafutonis. 
achatinella¬ 
ria. 
dotata. 
lutea. 
L. trigoniplaga Hmps. (10 h). Very near fabiolaria Oberth. (Vol. 2, pi. 23 f; Vol. 4, p. 211), of which 
I formerly supposed it a subspecies, a possibility which I still do not think entirely excluded. Both wings 
without the anterior brown cloud at the distal margin, or at most only with faint indications of it; forewing 
with the distal area broadly and (except at tornus) very uniformly grey, with its proximal edge less curved 
than in fabiolaria, the white subterminal line lunular or in part broken into spots; the triangular midcostal 
patch is variable in length and acuteness. Described from Nepal, known from N. W. India (Chakrata), Upper 
Burma and Chinese Tibet. 
L. prunata L. (Vol. 4, pi. 8 e) ab. obscurata Barca. Both wings without any white, that of the fore¬ 
wing replaced by greyish brown, the hindwing grey, towards the termen with the veins brownish. Both wings 
beneath grey, with black cell-dots, forewing costally somewhat brownish. Norway. — arctica Strand. A small 
form analogous to this, with very little yellow in the coloration, has been distributed from the Sajan Mountains 
as a local race, but I have seen too little material to form an opinion regarding its status. In parts of Siberia 
(e. g., the Altai) prunata seems typical. — estonica Schawerda, the form (or a form?) from Esthonia (Loots) 
is another of the less warmly coloured prunata, having the basal and median areas nearly black, intermediate 
and outer areas white, marked with light black-brown. Petersen ignores it. — samnitica Dannehl. Here again 
it is claimed that we have to do with a local race; characteristic of the S. Abruzzi, at 1000—1700 m altitude, 
the type from Scanno. Mostly small (“about 25—31 mm against 29—34”), ground-cokmr of forewing yellow 
or ochreous, with parts white, lines of outer area slender, hindwing weakly marked. A series from Pescocostanzo 
does not entirely conform. — dolomitica Stauder (10 h) is a large form from the Dolomites, in general more 
brownish-violet in colour, the median band broadened. — leucoptera Djakonov. Not smaller than a series from 
the Leningrad Government, but lighter, especially in the distal area, where the brown shading and dark wedge- 
spots are obsolete; hindwing whitish or almost white. Kamtshatka. —- annexa Schima (13 a). Schawerda, in 
publishing a good coloured figure of this Balkan form, treated it as probably a separate species. It will be noticed 
that the projecting teeth of the basal patch are stronger than in prunata, the hindwing more strongly marked; 
in the type $ the median band is traversed by two white lines. 
L. testata L. (10 h). We here give a figure of the name-typical race of northern Europe, as that of Vol. 4 
(pi. 8 e) represents f. achatinata. It certainly intergrades with insulicola-, according to Heydemann, the prin¬ 
cipal form for Amrum, Bredstedt, Husum, Rendsburg and Kiel is transitional from testata to insulicola, ap¬ 
proximately as Culot figures his “ insulicola” from “England”, namely such a form as is frequent on the moors 
of Scotland and northern England. — insulicola Stgr. (11 d). For lack of available specimens from the Slietlands 
(the actual type locality), we figure one from the Hebrides. I strongly doubt whether it is racial; in any case 
it is much more widely distributed in Britain than Staudinger indicated. Some confusion has arisen from 
the assumption that Linne's testata was the same form as Hubner's achatinata, so that all the less bright forms 
have been mixed together as insulicola-, thus Bohatsch and Petersen refer the Esthonian here, whereas in 
my opinion they are only slightly dusky t. testata. I do not think they require a separate name. Stach's record 
of insulicola from the high moors of S. W. Poland may be in like case. — ab. fuscata Meves is strongly dusted 
with brown, excepting a narrow reddish costal streak from base to postmedian. Sodertalje, Sweden. Perhaps 
an insulicola- like form, perhaps a more truly melanic one, such as the following; the underside is unfortunately 
not mentioned. — ab. obscura Brettschneider (10 h). The dark rust-brown colour extended over the entire fore- 
wing, in part dusted with smoke-grey, the markings obliterated except (at least in the apical region) the whitish 
lines. Hindwing also dark, especially distally. Underside almost uniform dark smoky, the 
lines obsolescent or wanting. A truly melanocliroic form, probably Mendelian in its inheritance. Brettschneider 
bred from the egg 24, against 44 normal specimens, from a pairing of the offspring of a dark Erzgebirge $. In 
Great Britain ab. obscura is known chiefly from parts of Lancashire and W. Yorkshire, also from Paisley, etc. 
It may eventually have to be sunk to the less carefully erected ab. fuscata. — achatinata Hbn. (Vol. 4, pi. 8 e, 
as testata). I think citrinata Meves should be added as a synonym here; “entirely lacks the violet-grey tone”. 
Occasional in Uppland. In my experience, sallow-feeding testata, at least in the Isle of Wight are constantly 
(in both sexes) of this extreme citrinata form. It should be added that females with this colouring reach 
at least as far north as Cheshire and are even approached in northern Scandinavia, whereas their ££ ' n these 
localities seem to be definitely testata or even insulicola. — karafutonis Matsumura is the race from Saghalien 
and is said to be nearer to testata than to achatinellaria. Markings of the forewing weak, especially in the 
hindwing more or less infuscated at the termen, underside weakly marked. Sakayeliama, S. Saghalien, taken 
at the end of August. 
L. achatinellaria Oberth. (Vol. 4, pi. 8 e). Djakonov finds some appreciable distinctions in the ^genitalia 
and thinks that this should be treated as a separate species. I have accepted his view provisionally but it should 
be added that Sterneck, on a $ from N. Manchuria, doubts whether the difference is important. 
L. populata L. (Vol. 4, pi. 8 f) ab. dotata L. (11 d). We figure a fairly representative example of this 
form from Germany. — ab. lutea Strand. It has been suggested that this should be treated as synonymous 
