120 
CIDARIA. By L. B. Prout. 
punctumno - 
tata. 
tricolorata . 
incomplete . 
insolida . 
simpliciata . 
dimidiate. 
effasa . 
grisea . 
inumbraia . 
sirigulata . 
bicolor . 
nigerrima . 
griseonotata . 
Icrassnojars - 
censis . 
csehi . 
acutata. 
when it was first published I tested it on numerous specimens, as did also Lange, but Heydemann has made 
such as exhaustive analysis as almost to put the matter on to a statistical basis. The supposedly important 
distinction (others were admitted to be inconstant or extremely slight) was in the position of the anterior ex¬ 
tremity of the discocellulars of the hindwing, which Zollner found to be in citrata midway between the branch¬ 
ing-off of the costal and that of the 1st radial, in truncata at x / 3 (i. e. twice as near to costal as to 1st radial). 
In about 80 % of the truncata examined, Heydemann finds the origin of the discocellulars at y 3 , in accordance 
with Zollner’s rule, but in the other ca. 20% all transitions are found to the half-way position which he gives 
as a reliable character for citrata. In about 50% of the examined citrata. Heydemann found this condition 
fulfilled, in about 25 % the origin of the 2nd discocellular at y 3 , thus exactly as Zollner gives for truncata, 
in the rest its origin is at 2 3 (i. e., Zollner’s conditions reversed), in two specimens not even agreeing as between 
the two hindwings. Of 111 citrata in Dr. L. Muller’s collection 48 show the % division, 52 the y 3 , 2 a % di¬ 
vision and 1 specimen even a %. Whether Meyrick depended on this or some other fallacious test, I do not 
know; but in his Revised Handbook he has referred concinnata to the present species! The 2nd joint of the 
palpus is appreciably longer in citrata than in truncata. The egg is a little more slender and is not, like that 
of truncata , firmly stuck to leaves, but often laid loose; the larva hibernates within the egg-shell. — ab. punctum- 
notata Haw. (= passeraria Frr.) (Vol. 4, pi. 8 k). Heydemann somewhat waveringly divides this into 2 or 
more forms, Dr. L. Muller definitely into 3 or 4. — ab. tricolorata Culoi (= albofasciata L. Mull.) (13 a) cer¬ 
tainly seems too different to be merged in the preceding; the dark b a n d s which narrow the white centre 
of the median area make quite another impression than the dark boundary lines of punctumnotata. Authors 
have called this form variata Thnbcj. (a homonym), marmorata F. (a homonym), or centumnotata F. (a misidenti- 
fication on the part of Fabricius). Actually, however, passeraria Frr. represents a common transition, with 
the band formation incomplete, while tricolorata (England) = albofasciata (Upper Austria), with both bands 
reaching the hindmargin, is a much rarer development. — ab. isicompleta Culot has the median area as in the 
preceding, but the ferruginous bands are wanting, or rather, they are replaced by grey ones. No locality is 
given; likely from N. England or Scotland. — ab. insolida Prout (= grisea-insolida L. Midi.) w^as also erected 
without type locality and perhaps Heydemann cannot be blamed for having vacillated regarding its actual 
determination. It was, however, founded on Barrett's reference (Lep. Brit. Isl., Vol. 8, p. 273), ‘‘Others, 
especially from the north, have the otherwise black central band divided by a large middle cloud of some shade 
of grey or grey-white,” and the type figure is on pi. 357, fig. 1 g, of that work, a $ from West Scotland, which 
is like incompleta except that the white central part of the median band has become grey, the “ferruginous” 
bands equally dulled. — ab. simpliciata Walk. (11 g) is a further development of tricolorata or incompleta, with 
the white band interrupted. The specimen figured, from Forres, is very true to Walker’s type. It seems that 
the name tysfjordensis Strand can hardly be applied to the corresponding grey-marked aberration of citrata 
(see above under truncata). — ab. dimidiata L. Mull., founded on Austrian specimens, represents a final stage 
in the approach to the wholly dark banded forms, only a small light-grey spot remaining about the cell-dot. 
Culot (fig. 486) figures the same with the spot white (ab. pythonissata L. Mull.). — ab. effusa L. Mull. (= in- 
distincta norm coll., sec. Heydem.), which is already known in combination with both white-banded, grey- 
banded and black-banded citrata, is produced by the loss of a definite distal boundary to the median area of 
the forewing, which therefore becomes diffusely confluent with the region beyond. Muller uses compound 
names, alba-effusa, grisea-effusa. — ab. grisea L. Mull. This name is proposed, with sub-aberrations saturata 
(darker, with stronger colour-contrasts) and confluens (with the lateral shades of the median area blackened, 
confluent in their posterior half) for the grey citrata forms in which the lateral shades reach the hindmargin, 
reserving citrata to those in which this is not the case. I do not find them separable, except in the more cont¬ 
rasting forms discussed above, and therefore call them all typical citrata. — ab. inumbrata L. Mull., doubtfully 
separable, has the grey median area quite uniform, except for blackish longitudinal marks (darkened veins); 
even the usual postmedian costal streamer is not darkened. — ab. stn'gulata F. (= immanata Haw., amoenata 
Steph., intermedia L. Mull.) (Vol. 4. pi. 8 k, as immanata). A study by Nordstrom of Fabricius’ type has 
resulted in this correction of the synonymy. — ab. bicolor L. Mull, is an interesting modification of strigulata 
with nearly the entire forewing, except the median band, wood-brown. Founded on 1 q from Spital a. Pvhrn, 
but other examples are known. — ab. nigerrima Schawerda has the forewing almost entirely blackened, even 
the two brown bands overlaid with dark suffusion, no white remaining except 3 punctiform spots on hind¬ 
margin and a very narrow remnant of the outer costal spot. The type is a fine A from Attersee. — ab. griseo¬ 
notata Lange is intermediate between citrata and strigulata and is connected by all transitions with the latter, 
but is noteworthy as accounting for a very high percentage of the forms from Northern Central Europe. The 
brown bands are distinct, the white costal patch narrow, the median band less deep black than in strigulata. — 
ab. (nec. subsp.) krassnojarscensis A. Fuchs is really more “incomplete” than ab. incompleta Culot, in that the 
ferruginous bands are more definitely obsolete, indicated only by some fine irroration, the dark shades in the 
median area also slight. The naming is therefore unfortunate and the only further interest of the specimen 
is in the narrowing of the forewing. — ab. csehi Dioszeghy has also strikingly narrowed forewing, with produced 
apex, apparently greyer and less sharply narked than krassnojarscensis , but I can see very little justification 
tor the name. 1 $ from Cfura, Retyezat Mtns., 989 m. — ab. acutata Guen. (11 g). No confirmation has been 
