Publ. 12. IV. 1937. 
CIDARIA. By L. B. Prottt. 
121 
obtained for the suggestion that this was a local race; occasional narrow-winged specimens may occur any¬ 
where (compare krassnojarscensis and csehi) and, if extreme enough, would he teratological rather than varietal. 
By the kindness of Dr. Wehrli we figure Gurnee's form. — pythorsissata Mill. (= pythonnissata Heydern., yyfhonUsa- 
scotica part. Heydem. ex Stgr. nom. commerc.) (Vol. 4, pi. 8 i). On account of the culpable negligence of the 
early English lepidopterists regarding localities, this strongly differentiated race was often received on the 
Continent as from “Scotland” or cuen “England”; in fact Milliere merely recorded Ids originals as coming 
from England, bred by H. Doubleday. Fortunately, however, the latter has published a note stating that 
his series (still extant) was bred from Orkney ova and showed some forms which he had never previously seen. 
The race is confined to the Orkneys (loc. tvp., although in those islands forms identical with the mainland 
Scottish also occur; the exact conditions at present unexplained) and the Shetlands (there the only race) and 
is found among heather and “fern” (? I- ter is). — ab. strigulata (nom. coll.) nov., that is to say the form with ■« trigulata. 
the median area of the forewing black (not, as in the type pythonissata, mottled) occurs with it in both groups 
of islands, although — at least in the Shetlands — the mottled are predominant. — unicolorata Stgr. (= is- unicolorata. 
landicaria Heydem., nom. praeocc.) (11 g). Heydemann correctly points out that the Iceland forms, variable 
though they are, constitute a recognizable subspecies: on an average smaller, the forewing generally broader 
and shorter, the general effect more uniform (sharp colour-contrasts rare), with a high percentage of almost 
unicolorous forms, the hindwing above and beneath weakly marked. As Staudinger only named “aberrations”, 
Heydemann was within bis rights in proposing a new name for the race, but unfortunately chose one which 
is already current in the unwieldy genus Cidaria ( C. designata islandicaria Stgr.. 1871), thereby creating a second¬ 
ary homonym. An a temporary expedient (until Dysstroma is accorded full generic rank) I therefore fall back 
on his second alternative and call the race unicolorata , which name originally embraced a 11 the unicolorous 
forms (!), but has been restricted to the whitish or whitish-ashy ones.'— ab. ferruginea Front [ = unifulvata ferruginca. 
Culot) has the whole forewing suffused with rust-colour or dull redclish-ochreous. Very prevalent in Iceland, 
whence came the types of both names, but also well-known in pythonissata and other Scottish forms, especially 
from the islands. — ab. fusca Prout, proposed for the unicolorcous fuscous forms of unicolorata , was perhaps fusca. 
sufficiently comprehensive to cover also those which Staudinger first diagnosed as “blackish”, subsequently 
as “unicolorous black" and for which I tentatively proposed the name “ab. nigricans'’, with the comment that 
it was perhaps superfluous. I doubt whether anything on Iceland produces the same impression of blackness 
as c. citrata ab. nigerrima Schawerda and in any case it is not permissible to revive nigricans to the detriment 
of fusca or nigerrima. — ab. thingvallata Stgr. (11 g), in its extreme form, that is to say without any really dark thingvatlnta. 
markings in the terminal area except some subapical remnants, is perhaps confined to Iceland; but I accept, 
with Heydemann, the ordinary usage wherely the sub-aberration cjornensis F. A. Walk., which retains also 
the interrupted zigzag presubterminal line, is included with it. This latter form at least, though character¬ 
istically Icelandic, is occasionally met with among other races of citrata. - septentfiouata Heydem. (13 b), from septentriona- 
Siberia, shows, on ample material, characteristic deviations from European citrata. General tone dall greyish 
(without the brown of unicolorata), really sharply or brightly marked forms scarcely occurring. —- Even ab. 
strigulata Heydem., though approximately corresponding to the like-named citrata, has the median area grey- strigulata. 
black, not attaining to the deep glossy black of European strigulata. septentrionata , which seems to merge into 
citrata in the Leningrad district, is typical of the Sajan Mountains, Lake Baikal, etc., and extends right to 
Amurland. tibetana Heydem. (13 b). Very different from typical citrata in that the pattern, normally formed tibctana. 
of blackish and white lines, is suffused throughout with a smoky grey-brown tone which largely obliterates 
the colour contrasts, the divisions between the areas only shown by their boundary-lines; the whitish costal 
spot scarcely ever conspicuous. Tibet, chiefly from Koko-Nor; also 1 <$ from Haining, N. W. China, 2500 m. 
Sometimes confusingly similar to dentifera (11 g), but much more weakly marked and unicolorous, median area nar¬ 
rower, hindwing lighter, and agrees in the genitalia with citrata. -- conformalis subsp. nov. (11 g), from Japan, conformaUs. 
somewhat unexpectedly reverts more nearly to the Eureopan forms, so much so that Heydemann wrote that 
they differ so little, except in their rather larger size, that “separation does not seem justified". I have observed, 
however (Novit. Zool., Vol. 35, p. 304) that the ensemble of characters produces an impression which, to the 
eye accustomed to the European forms, is nearly always distinctive: the hindwing above is generally a shade 
darker and more unicolorous, the forewing often has the cell-dot more elongate, the proximal brown band is 
nearly always narrow, except posteriorly, the antemedian line rarely much bent, the central area broad, black- 
marked on the 2nd submedian vein, generally with its distal prong elongate (recalling dentifera), the white costal 
spot beyond it seldom well developed, a very frequent tendency manifest (except, of course, in the strigulata- 
like form) to produce a dusky suffusion from the antemedian band in the posterior part of the cell. I have 
chosen as type a grey-banded in my collection. — ab. strigulata [Heydem., nom. coll.) ab. nov. has the band strigulata. 
black (type $ from Nikko, 26 June), while in — ab. punetumnotata [Heydem., nom. coll.) ab. nov. it is white, imnctumno- 
though perhaps never without the dusky proximal shade and distal costal streamer. — The bionomics of this 
race need investigation; I have seen specimens dated April, June, August and November, which seems to point 
to a succession of broods, a somewhat puzzling phenomenon in citrata. 
Supplementary Volume 4 
16 
