CIDARIA. By L. B. Prout. 
159 
narrow terminal markings. The unique type a $ from Leipzig. —- ab. albopunctata E. Lange, a small specimen albopvncta- 
brecl from birch, has the black markings strongly developed, especially on the hindwing, which has only the 
white band and a small white subterminal spot. Freiberg (Saxony). In this district also, subhastata is the 
mountain representative, confined to the Erzgebirge. — ab. depravata Galv. is nearly the same, only a little depramta. 
further advanced, as the solid black border of the hindwing lacks even the small white spot, while that of 
the forewing shows only a minute central dot and same subterminal remnants at and near costa. A. $ from 
Klein-Fleisstal, Carinthia. Closely like some h. chinensis. — ab. semifusca F. Wagn. adds to depravata an "efjusa" semifusca. 
element, the black border of the hindwing blurred where it meets the white band, which projects some white 
dashes into it. Bred from Middlesbrough, England, 1 only. — plotothrymma subsp. nov. Tone in the whole plotothrym- 
series strikingly distinct (clean white without the creamy tinge) but there is little else that is constant to diffe¬ 
rentiate this from h. hastata; on an average rather smaller, very generally with the cell-spot of the hindwing 
better detached, i. e. set in an ampler white space. Ta-tsien-lu (type series in the British Museum) and Siao- 
lu. thulearia H.-Sch. (Vol. 4, pi. 10 e), notwithstanding its strong racial characteristics, seems to agree thulearia. 
entirely in structure with hastata and should be treated as a subspecies. — rikovskensis Matsumura. “Both rikovslcensis. 
wings differ from typical specimens in the presence of a series of fuscous specks, which run along the median 
axis of the white band.” N. Saghalien: Rikovsltoie, 1 $, 3 August. The figure given is crude, small, median 
area with very little white, dots on outer white band scarcely shown on hindwing. Probably a form of subha¬ 
stata. The hastata of Saghalien. July, (1 5 i 5, 6) are, as Matsumura noted, different and were rediscoverd by 
Dr. Fritz Scriba in 1922. 
C. subhastata Notch. (Vol. 4, pi. 10 e, not 8 e). Djakonov in 1926 demonstrated the long-disputed subhastata. 
rights of this .to rank as a species, the genitalia showing conspicuous differences in both sexes, notably in the 
long, distally curved arm of the sacculus, broad labides and substitution of a bunch of spinules on the aedoe- 
agus for the 2 or 3 long, separated spines of hastata. These distinctions were already noticed in the British 
Columbian form albodecorata Blachmore by my late friend Rev. C. R. N. Burrows in 1922, but not published; 
the various American forms of this species will be dealt with in Vol. 8. It should be added here that - if is 
were needed — much supplementary argument for the distinctness of subhastata from hastata could be adduced 
from recent literature; several observers familiar with both species in the life have contributed bionomic data, 
e. g. E. Lange (who gave some careful differentiations), Osthelder, Marschner and C. Schneider. The 
latter attempted in vain to pair it with hastata and although it can be bred from the egg on birch (Lange and 
Soffner) and even Salix caprea, it always breeds true; its ordinary food-plant is Vaccinium (but see Vol. 4, 
p. 254) and its distribution is different. An interesting discussion took place recently at a meeting of the 
Zoologisch-Botanische Gesellschaft in Wien, occasioned by a fine exhibit, by Nitsche, of the Pitztal forms, 
and showed that there are still some divergent views to be reconciled; but such has usually been the history 
of the disentanglement of allied species. It has even been disputed whether the type figure of subhastata (Hub- 
ner, pi. 69, fig. 356 [bis]) represents the form which has since passed under the name. To me, this can scarcely 
stand in doubt, though there remains a (rather remote) possibility that (as Kautz has suggested) the alpine 
and the basal “subhastata” are distinct. — ab. taunicata A. Fuchs has the white markings reduced, in the taunicata. 
median area very slight; resembles a larger, rather dark moestata, see below. One specimen, from Oberursel. 
- ab. reducta Osthelder. Parallel to hastata ab. “ reducta ” (demolita) though in the type (a $ from Schaftlach) reducta. 
the anterior remnant of the median band shows a slight angle outward at its hinder end. — ab. effusa Kautz effusa. 
(nom. coll.). Kautz figures aberrations “inclining to effusa Mull.” (see luctuata ab. effusa), but they do not 
seem to me very striking. They came from Plockenpass, Carinthia, at ca. 1300 m and represent the only two 
Eulype which were there taken. — ab. radiata E. Lange is much more striking and was founded on 5 and radiata. 
1 $ bred with about 80 more normal forms from a batch of eggs laid by an Erzgebirge $. They combine rem¬ 
arkably the effusa and radiata types of variation; the extreme specimen which was figured has the median 
area marked with very irregular and quite ill-defined shading, while the principal veins are dark-marked, 
though the “rays” are not attached to the (broken) subterminal band. Other interesting aberrations appeared 
in the same brood and were in part described, but not named. It should be added that C. Schneider later 
(1934), overlooking the preoccupation of this name, applied it in the conventional sense (“nom. coll. ') to a 
slight aberration from Oberreichenbach, Black Forest, with rays running inward from the subterminal band 
nearly to the median band. moestata Notch. (15 i). If, as now seems probable, the smaller, darker northern moestata. 
forms can be separated as a race apart, this is the correct name, as it was founded on specimens from Talvik, 
Finmark and matches well with the generality of forms from that district, N. Finland, etc. From Scandinavia 
it extends right across N. Russia and Siberia to the Pacific. The more extreme ab. hofgreni Lampa (Jemtland) 
and the interesting ab. undulata Strand (Langoen) belong to it, but taunicata Fuchs , which I quoted as synonym 
of moestata, is an aberration of subhastata (see above). —ab. apograpta Djahonou is a peculiar albinotic aber- apograpta. 
ration with the median band entirely wanting, only the cell-spot remaining; distal border interrupted in 
the middle by a broad white streek. Abakan, 1 specimen. nigrescens Chll. (15i). In addition to the biological nigrescens. 
