118 
INDEX 
H. Page. 
Hardness, chemical basis of. 38 
Head of ground waters, decrease of. 17-18 
low, reasons for. 15-16 
range of. 17 
Hern, J. J., acknowledgment to. 7 
Hydrocarbons, alteration of, by water.102-105 
alteration of waters by.93-102 
reduction of sulphate by.96-97 
solubility of, in water. 105-109 
Hydrogen sulphide, detection of. 113 
formation of. 45,46,100 
occurrence of, in ocean water.95-96 
oxidation of.95,98 
II ydrostatic pressure, nature of. 18 
I. 
Iodine, occurrence of. 47,94 
Ionic form, conversion of analyses to.34-35 
conversion of analyses from, to reacting 
values.35-37 
Iron, distribution and significance of. 46 
Iron and aluminum, method of determining. 32 
J. 
Jurassic rocks, nature and distribution of.... 10 
K. 
Kern River oil field, ground water in. 29 
location and importance of. 8 
water pressure in. 19 
Kern Trading & Oil Co., water analyses from. 40 
Kharitschoff, K. V., test for petroleum acids 
by. 109 
Kirwan, M. J., acknowledgment to. 7 
L. 
Lenses, sand, three classes of. 14,15-16 
Lombardi, M. E., acknowledgment to. . 7 
Lost Hills field, ground water in. 27 
M. 
McKittrick field, ground water in. 27-28 
Magnesium, ratio of, to calcium in different 
typ es of water. 43,92 
See also Alkaline earths. 
Magnesium sulphate, reduction of. 97 
Meteoric water, characteristics of. 50 
concentration of. 90 
Methane, inactivity of. 97 
solubility of. 106 
source of, in waters. 106 
Midway-Sunset oil field, ground water in_28-29 
location and importance of... 8 
range of altered water in. 7-8 
Midway Valley, ground water in. 28 
Migration of oil, changes during. 104 
Mineral solids, amount of. 47 
Minerals, presence of, in ground water.29-30 
Mixed type of ground water, analyses of.. 75-77,85 
relations of. 88-93 
Modified water, limits of. 52 
position of. 51-52 
use of term. 50-51 
N. 
Naphthenic acids, nature and occurrence of. 106-109 
Natural gas, composition of. 101-102 
Nitrate, occurence of. 47 
Page. 
Normal water, limits of. 52 
position of.-. 51 
use of term. 50 
O. 
Ocean water, analysis of. 73 
reduction of sulphate in...95-96 
O’Donnell, T. A., acknowledgment to. 7 
Oil, indications of, from character of wa¬ 
ters. 6,109-113 
pressure of water on. 12 
source of. 10 
See also Hydrocarbons. 
Oil fields, location and importance of. 8 
Oil wells, top water from, analyses of. 58,59-63 
Orcutt, W. W., acknowledgment to. 7 
Organic matter, omission of, from analyses.. 47-48 
Outcrop, changes in waters with distance 
from.90-91 
Oxygen, action of, on oil. 102-105 
P. 
Pack, R. W., acknowledgment to. 6 
Paine, Paul, acknowledgment to. 7 
Palmer, Chase, acknowledgment to. 6-7 
Petroleum constituents, solubility of, in 
water. 105-109 
Petroleum Development Co.’s well, field 
assay of water from. 84 
Potassium, method of determining. 32 
ratio of, to sodium in different types of 
water.92,93 
retention of, by soils. 42 
See also Alkalies. 
Pressure. See Head. 
Propane, significance of, in waters. 106 
Properties, reactive, determination of. 37-40 
R. 
r, use of the symbol.*. 36 
Radicles, factors for calculating. 34 
recalculation of. 34-35 
Reacting values, calculation of.35-37 
Reaction, properties of, determination of_37-40 
Reaction coefficients, use of.36-37 
Relations areal, of the types. 86-93 
vertical, of the types. 78-85 
Requa, M. L., acknowledgment to. 7 
Reversed type, use of term. 51 
Rock pressure, nature of. 18 
S. 
Salinity, chloride, and sulphate, ratio of. 40 
Salinity, primary and secondary, use of the 
terms. 38 
Salt, distribution of, in ground waters. 6,113 
influence of, in the genesis of petroleum... 25 
Salt waters, origin of..... 20-23,26 
Samples of water, collection of..8,30-31 
Sands, dry, danger of water from. 15 
dry, nature of. 15-16 
oil, geologic structure of. 10-11 
oil and water, relative positions of. 16-17 
unfounded distinctions between. 13 
texture of, influence of. 13 
water below oil in. 17 
water, correlation of... 16 
Shallow-well waters, analyses of. 58,59,85 
Silica, distribution and significance of. 47 
Silver coin, detection of hydrogen sulphide by 113 
