32 
COSMODES; CANNA. By W. Warren. 
The labial palpi are, as a rule, of moderate dimensions, sometimes porrect, but generally more or less 
upturned, with the second segment densely scaled, the third shorter; in the Hypeninae only, though of much 
weaker build, they are long, porrect horizontally or upcurved before face. The hind tibia always bears 2 pairs 
of spurs; the tongue, frenulum, and ocelli are present. The eyes are generally smooth, but in some groups hairy, 
or smooth but fringed with cilia; they also vary in shape, being usually globose, but in certain cases narrowed. 
In many cases the tibiae bear spines and claws as well as scales and tufts of hair. 
It should be noted that, on the whole, those species in which vein 5 of the hindwing is weak are more 
abundant in the temperate regions, while those in which it is strong predominate in the tropics. 
Many Noctuids are remarkable for the organs of stridulation or scent found in the $<$. These often 
very striking structures are most strongly developed in tropical species. The scent-organs consist of expansible 
hair-tufts, of various shapes, occurring on the legs and antennae, or on the wings, the thorax, or abdomen. 
The organs of stridulation are less frequent, and still less often is it known what kind of sound the <$ produces 
therewith. They consist of non-scaled, transversely ribbed spaces on the wings. 
1. Subfamily: Acronictinae. 
Forewing elongate; head, thorax, and pectus usually densely haired. Antennae of usually nearly 
simple, in some cases fasciculate or bipectinated. Eyes smooth. Vein 5 of hindwing weak. 
Separated from the other subfamilies, except Mominae, by the larvae being more or less tufted with 
hair, feeding exposed, and pupating in a cocoon above ground. 
1. Genus: CosiimhIvs Guen. 
Tongue present; frons smooth; palpi upturned obliquely, short, the second segment rough-haired, the 
terminal small; antennae of J ciliated; thorax clothed with scales; prothorax and metathorax crested; dorsum 
with crests, that on segment 3 large; forewing narrow, apex bluntly produced; termen with a tooth at vein 3, 
incised above and below; inner margin sinuous, with a tooth of scales at anal angle. Type C. elegans Don. 
elegans. C. elegans Don. (5 a). Forewing brown, darker in $ than in the space between veins 2 and 3 at base 
in both sexes, and the costal and apical areas in $ fawn colour; four pale green patches edged with silvery white; 
two oblong, one at middle, the other at and beyond end of the cell; a long hammock-shaped patch in base of 
submedian fold and a conical one at its end; outer line silvery white, obsolete above 6 and between 2 and 3; 
a series of silvery white lunules before termen, regular and vertical between veins 6 and 3, and 2 and 1, 
that between 3 and 2 elongate and oblique inwards, in the only; outer line followed between 6 and 
3 by a bright rufous patch in the $ which is replaced in by fawn colour and whitish; terminal area 
and fringe deep brown in $, fawn colour in <$, the fringe with a dark line through it; hindwing luteous white, the 
terminal area diffusely rufous fuscous, broader in $. Australia, Tasmania, New Zealand. 
2. Genus: Clnniin Walk. 
Tongue well developed; frons smooth; palpi upturned, fringed with hair in front, the third segment 
short; antennae of J lamellate; mesothorax with paired tufts of scales; metathorax with slight crest; abdomen 
with dorsal series of crests, that on 4th segment large; tibia fringed with long hair; forewing broad, the apex 
rounded; termen excurved at middle, insinuate above and below, the tornus somewhat lobed; neuration nor¬ 
mal; the forewing emerald green. Type C. pulchripicta Walk. 
prasinaria. C. prasinaria Walk. (5 a). Forewing bright bluish green; basal area and median band dark green mixed 
with olive fuscous; these areas limited by a fine velvety black line edged with bright white; basal area angled 
below vein 1, the angle filled in with black; a black spot in cell on inner edge of median fascia, which is formed of 
subquaclrate blotches on each margin and is narrowed and projected outwards below median vein; reniform stigma 
a diffuse white patch containing a blackish spot at base and followed by a blackish mist; submarginal line 
broadly white, indented on each fold, and inwardly edged with black, both indentations with a black dagger 
externally to termen; terminal black spots between veins; fringe green chequered with black; hindwing white, 
with a dark grey band from apex to anal angle, broader in costal half; terminal black dots; fringe and extreme 
termen blue green; the dorsal tufts of abdomen black; when faded, all the green tints alike fade to ochreous. 
Found only in Sikkim, N. India, but there common. 
