BRYOPHILA. By W. Warren. 
45 
B. modesta Moore (4h). Forewing ochreous dusted with fuscous, especially in basal half of median modesta. 
area; subbasal line blackish, oblique, waved, with black marks beyond it in and below cell; inner line double, 
waved and vertical, its inner arm indistinct; outer line obscurely double, filled in with pale brown, denticulate, 
bent at vein 4; subterminal also obscure, pale with a minute dark spot before it below vein 7; terminal lunules 
black inwardly edged with pale; stigmata all black-edged; the orbicular small and round with the centre brown 
ringed with black; reniform a faint pale bar with dark shading round it; hindwing whitish suffused with brown, 
darker along termen; a slight curved outer line; the $ is somewhat greyer than the Sultanpur and Simla, 
the Punjab. 
B. virescens Hmps. (4K). Forewing pale green; the basal area and the median and terminal areas virescens. 
except towards costa tinged with brown; some black scales at base; subbasal line black, outwardly toothed 
in cell, followed by a black costal point and a short streak above vein 1; inner line well marked, black, oblique, 
sinuous, bent inwards to inner margin; outer line also well-marked, black and double towards costa, bent out¬ 
wards below costa, then denticulate, strongly incurved below vein 4; the costal area beyond it tinged with fuscous; 
subterminal line preceded by small black dentate marks with short streak below costa and larger spot below 
vein 2, angled inwards beyond cell; a terminal series of black striae; fringe chequered black and white; clavi- 
form stigma large, reaching median vein and edged with black; orbicular and reniform large, black-edged, the 
former irregularly rounded and filled in with fuscous, the latter preceded by fuscous at middle and angled 
inwards along median vein; median shade black and oblique from costa to reniform, minutely waved below; 
hindwing fuscous grey; a slight dark cellspot; outer and subterminal lines curved, diffuse; fringe white at base, 
chequered black and white at tips. A North Indian species, occurring in the Punjab and also extending to Kashmir, 
like so many others. 
B. ochrota Hmps. (4h). Forewing ochreous white, with fuscous irroration and suffusion, especially ochrota. 
in median area; the lines obscurely double, filled in with pale, and marked with rufous scales, the inner line on 
the outer arm, the outer on the inner arm; subterminal line pale, minutely waved, incurved below vein 3; a 
row of dark and pale terminal lunules; claviform defined at extremity by black; orbicular and reniform brown 
at centre with pale annuli edged by black, the former round, the latter constricted at middle; hindwing white 
faintly tinged with brown; fringe pure white. The type, a <$, was from Quetta, Baluchistan; a $ is also recorded 
from Dias, Kashmir. 
Subfamily: Euxoinae. 
In the arrangement of the more typical Noctuae it has seemed advisable to follow in the main, but 
with certain necessary modifications, the system employed by Sir G. F. Hampson in the fourth Volume of his 
Catalogue of the Lepidoptera Phalaenae in the British Museum; first, as being the latest and therefore pre¬ 
sumably the most up-to-date attempt; secondly, because, whatever objections may be made to it, it proceeds 
on definite consistent lines. Thus the present subfamily, the Euxoinae, will be characterised primarily by the 
presence of spines, not claws, on the tibiae. In the great majority of species a 1 1 the tibiae are spined, and in 
some cases the spines of the fore tibiae are very strong; these are placed first, followed by those in which the 
spines are weaker and less developed; then come the genera in which first the spines of the fore tibiae are want¬ 
ing, and next those of the middle tibiae, till in the final species only a few spines are to be found on the hind 
tibiae only; in proportion as the spines of the tibiae disappear, their place is taken by fringes of hair. A se¬ 
cond characteristic is that the large rounded eyes are, except in a few genera near the end, naked, neither haired 
themselves nor surrounded by cilia. The frons is either smooth or uneven; in the first case, it is either flat 
or slightly rounded; in the second it shows either two rounded cheeks or else a slightly projecting point in the 
middle, or a combination of these two; or the central prominence is developed into a roughened mamilla, generally 
round, but sometimes vertically lengthened; or into a craterlike projection with roughened rim. The last is made 
by Hampson the characteristic of the genus Euxoa, and the lengthened ridge of Feltia ; but in as much as the 
different modifications vary much in development, and are liable to be merged imperceptibly into one 
another, two or three phases of development sometimes occurring within the limits of the same species, it 
seems sufficient to include under one genus Euxoa all the species showing an unevenly protuberant frons. Simi¬ 
larly the three genera Agrotis, Epipsilia, and Lycophotia, all characterised by the smooth frons, but separated 
by Hampson mainly by differences in the vestiture of the thorax, with be merged into one genus. 
The differences in antennal structure are employed mainly for sectional subdivision. The palpi are of 
moderate length, usually upcurved, more rarely porrect. The tongue and the frenulum are always present. 
The neuration is consistently simple and uniform, but in all cases vein 5 of the hindwing is obsolescent, — a 
false, not a true vein. 
The larvae are smooth not hairy, the tubercles bearing each a single bristle, with all the prolegs present ; 
feeding by night and concealed by day. Pupation is subterranean, without cocoon. 
Other remarks on this subfamily are given in Vol. 3, p. 23. From p. 23 in that volume to p. 66 no less 
than 44 genera of Euxoinae from the palaearctic Region are given, containing more then 1000 forms. 
