ISOCHLORA; THYRESTRA; FRANA. By W. Warren. 67 
17. Genus: Is»c*liIora Stgr. 
Tongue present; frons smooth; palpi obliquely porrect, fringed with hair in front; antennae of <$ bipec- 
tinate; fore tibiae fringed with hair, without spines or claws; mid and hind tibiae spined; forewing elongate, green 
or yellow, with longitudinal markings. Type I. viridis Stgr. Except for the species here recorded, all are from 
Central Asia. 
I. metaphaea limps. Forewing emerald green; the costal edge white; the fringe white at tips; hind- metaphaea. 
wing ochreous white, uniformly tinged with pale brown; fringe yellowish white; forewing beneath purplish 
red, the termen greenish; hindwing brownish white, with costa purplish red; head and thorax green; abdomen 
ochreous; venter, pectus, and legs purplish red. Sikkim, N. India. 
Subfamily Hadeninae. 
In the preceding subfamily, the Euxoinae, the characteristic feature was the presence of spines 
on the tibiae of the imagines; in the Hadeninae, — except in two or three genera where the fore¬ 
tibia only is armed with a curved spine or spines, and in a few in which one or more of the proximal segments 
of the fore tarsus bears short clawlike spines, — the tibiae are unarmed; the eyes are large and round 
as in the Euxoinae, but instead of being smooth are here covered with very fine short erect hairs, 
and by this feature all the members of the subfamily can be differentiated. In all other structural 
points, such as the shape and development of the palpi, frons, and antennae, and in the vestiture 
of the body and wings equal variability exists, but the neuration remains in nearly all cases stable. 
The larvae are smooth and plump, with all the prolegs present; generally of dull coloration 
and simple pattern, green, grey, or ochreous, with longitudinal lines and stripes; the majority feed up 
in autumn, passing the winter in the pupal state, though a few hybernate partially or fully fed, and 
postpone their pupation until spring; they live mainly on low growing plants and shrubs; but those 
of the later genera Hyphilare, Sideridis, and their allies subsist solely on Gramineaceae, and their 
imagos are marked by narrower, more elongated wings, by the paleness of their coloration, and the 
greater simplicity of their markings, the usual transverse lines and stigmata being less developed and 
frequently absent, their place being taken by longitudinal streaks and shades. In many species the SS 
exhibit secondary sexual characteristics, sometimes on the parts of the body, sometimes in the abnor¬ 
mal structure or scaling of the wings. Such abnormalities are liable to increase both in number and 
peculiarity in the warmer climate of the Tropics: in the last genus, Elusa Walk., a genus not yet found 
in palaearctic regions, the extreme diversity in the structure of the antennae of the S is noticeable. 
1. Genus: Thyresi tra Hmps. 
Tongue fully developed; frons smooth; palpi obliquely upturned, hairy in front, the terminal 
segment porrect; eyes overhung by long cilia, as well as hairy themselves; antennae of S filiform; head 
and thorax rough-scaled; the prothorax and metathorax crested; dorsum with slight tufts; lateral stig¬ 
mata in E with long protrusible tufts of hair; forewing narrow; apex produced; termen oblique; nen- 
ration normal, except that in hindwing veins 6, 7 are stalked; in the S the hindwing possesses a patch 
of hyaline membrane in middle. Type T. hyalophora Hmps. 
T. hyalophora Hmps. (9a). Forewing olive green; the median area brownish; inner and outer hyalophora. 
lines double, dark filled in with green; the inner oblique to vein 1 and there incurved; the outer 
sharply bent outwards below costa, bent at right angles and straight to vein 4, then incurved, follow¬ 
ed by some dark marks on the veins; subterminal line pale, dentate; terminal area brown with small 
black lunules; fringe brown intersected by whitish; claviform stigma slightly defined by black; orbicu¬ 
lar and reniform green, laterally white-edged, conversely oblique, so as almost to form a V-shaped 
mark; hindwing brown, with a pale hyaline patch in middle. Recorded only from the Khasia Hills, 
Assam, India. 
2. Genus: Erana Walk. 
Tongue well developed; frons smooth; palpi obliquely upturned, hairy in front; antennae of S 
filiform; head and thorax rough-scaled; prothorax and metathorax crested; dorsum with tufts on bas¬ 
al segments and laterally fringed with hair; forewing narrow; apex blunt; termen obliquely curved; 
S' with a fringe of long hair below basal half of costa on underside; hindwing of S very broad, the 
costal area being expanded and lobed; in both wings the discocellular and vein 5 are more or less ob- 
