320 
PRODENIA; SPODOPTERA. By W. Warren. 
litura. 
umbracu- 
lata. 
pecten. 
slight yellow terminal line; underside with terminal half of costa of forewing crimson. Larva brown with black and 
white irrorations, a black band on 5th segment; dorsal and subdorsal lines whitish; stigmata with white spots 
defined by black above, and with a broad yellow band below them; head and ventral surface redbrown; on 
Liliaceae. Very widely distributed throughout the east; occurring in N. India, Ceylon, the Nicobar Islands, the 
Malay peninsula, the Philippines, the Trobriand Islands, New Caledonia, N. S. Wales. 
102. Genus; Prodenia Guen. 
Tongue well developed; frons smooth; palpi obliquely upturned, the second segment short, broadly 
scaled, the third small; antennae of $ ciliated; thorax smooth, clothed with scales; the metathorax and ba¬ 
sal half of dorsum with slight crests; forewing long and narrow, the apex bluntly produced; the termen oblique. 
Larva stout, with the 5th and 12th segments swollen. A genus of stoutly built species, with strong powers 
of flight, widely distributed throughout the tropical regions, less common in temperate parts. Tvpe P. androgea 
Cram, from S. America. 
P. litura V. (= histrionica V elata F., littoralis Bsd., retina Frr., tasmanica Guen., ciligera Guen., testace- 
oicles Guen., subterminalisIFo/K, glaucistriga Walk., declinata Walk., albisparsa Walk.) (Vol. 3, pi. 43 i). Forewing 
ochreous washed with brown, the space below the cell and the terminal area rufous tinged; median vein and bases of 
veins 2, 3, 4 white; inner and outer lines double, filled in with white, the inner preceded by some silvery 
grey suffusion, before which a white line runs obliquely from subcostal vein to vein 1; the outer met by 
an oblique diffuse violaceous grey streak from apex, stronger in the $ than in the subterminal line white, 
followed by another fine white line before termen. outwardly black-edged; claviform stigma elongate, black-edged; 
orbicular narrow and oblique, white, laterally black-edged and with rufous centre, a whitish bar on its outer 
edge; reniform with its upper extremity produced to a long acute point; hindwing white; the apex brownish. 
Larva pale violet brown; a subdorsal series of black lunules above narrow yellow spots; and a lateral series of 
purplish black spots containing a white dot at centre; sublateral line white; feeding on Lantana. This palaearc- 
tic and Ethiopian species occurs throughout India, Ceylon, and Burma; in the Malay peninsula; Borneo; 
Java; Christmas Island; Cocos Keeling Island; New Guinea; Australia; Fiji Islands; Gilbert, Caroline, and 
Marshall Islands; Navigators Ids; Tahiti; Society, Marquesas, and Sandwich Islands. The subsp. evanescens 
Btlr. (29 b) is an albinistic form, very much paler; the forewing with all markings obsolescent; occurring in the 
Caroline and Marquesas Islands. 
103. Genus: Spocloptera Guen. 
Tongue fully developed; frons smooth ; palpi upturned, the second segment broad, well scaled, the third 
short; antennae of $ typically ciliated; metathorax and base of dorsum slightly crested; neuration of wings 
normal. Type S. mauritia Bsd. 
Sect. I. Antennae of $ with pedicellate fascicles of cilia, the two series 
of unequal 1 e n g t h. 
S. umbraculata Walk. (= enunciatus Lucas, andrias Meyr.) (29 b). <$. Forewing grey-white suffused 
in parts with reddish brown and variegated with black; subbasal line blackish, waved; a diffused brown line, 
angled outwards below costa and in cell, and more strongly inwards on vein 1, before the inner line which is 
oblique and waved, double, the outer arm stronger, filled in with grey; orbicular and reniform stigmata small, 
edged with blackish, the former ochreous, produced at lower extremity, the latter with black centre and ochreous 
annulus; outer line somewhat dentate, edged externally with whitish, double, at costa, bent outwards below it, 
incurved below vein 4; subterminal line whitish, with some dentate brown marks before it, and larger patches 
at costa and middle; the terminal area brown; a row of terminal black lunules; fringe mottled brown and white; 
hindwing white, the veins brownish; terminal area suffused with fuscous, broadly at apex, narrowing to a point 
at tornus; in the $ the forewing is more uniformly greyish, without any patches of dark suffusion. Queens¬ 
land. 
S. pecten Guen. (= erica Btlr., uniformis Swinh., pectinata Hmps.) (Vol. 3, pi. 42 f.) <$. Forewing 
ochreous suffused with rufous and slightly irrorated with black; inner and outer lines indistinct, double; the 
inner filled in with whitish, oblique, waved; the outer whitish at costa and below vein 2, lunulate dentate, 
