EPHESIA. By M. Gaede. 
455 
The first group li a s hindwings with red ground colour. 
C. sponsalis Wkr. (56 a) is very close to electa Bkh. (Vol. 3, p. 307, pi. 55 e), but can immediately be sponsalis. 
differentiated from it by the carmine-red abdomen and the interrupted black marginal band at anal angle of 
hindwings. Forewings inclined to be brownish red with grey admixture and the colours appear more variegated. 
Wing expanse 80—84 mm. Nepal. 
C. nupta L. This common species has already been dealt with in Vol. Ill, p. 304 and illustrated on nupta. 
pi. 55 a and b in a variety of its forms. — In the Punjab (India) a form occurs that has very dark forewings: 
unicuba Wkr. It is slightly darker than obscurata Oberth. from the Amur, but the diffuse pale oblique bands unicuba. 
seem to be a little more distinct. 
C. concubia Wkr. (56 a). This species resembles the palaearctic elocata Esp. (Vol. 3, p. 55 b) and was concubia. 
dealt with in Vol. Ill p. 306 as it also occurs in West China and is described from N. India (Cashmir, Punjab). 
C. afghana Swh. (56 a). This species, that chiefly occurs in palaearctic territory, is also found in Be- afghana. 
luchistan and is therefore also mentioned here. According to Warren this is probably a form of deducta Ev., 
that is widely distributed over the Far East. 
C. fuscinupta Hmps. (44 a). According to Mell this is a form of elocata Esp. The only apparent difference fuscinupta. 
of fuscinupta from the other elocata forms, is the large white apical patch on hindwings. Forewings do not 
differ at all from the variable elocata, at the best one could say, that the fine brown circumscription of the 
reniform stigma, is rather more distinct. On hindwings the dark central band is as narrow as in tenuivittata 
Schultz and does not extend quite to the inner margin. 75—80 mm. Cashmir, N. India. 
C. prolifica Wkr. has the same distribution as fuscinupta. It was already described in Vol. Ill, p. 311 prolifica. 
and illustrated on pi. 63 e. Forewings are very dark. Central band of hindwings is fairly straight and only curved 
round sharply near the anal angle. 
The following species has yellow hindwings. 
C. tapestrina Mr. (56 a). Forewings reddish brown, extremely dusky in the inner half, beyond the tapestrina. 
submarginal line this shading is far less pronounced. The black undulate antemedian line has a slight white inner 
edge. Reniform stigma large, almost black with brown surround. Below it a smaller, somewhat paler additional 
reniform mark. The black outer line with two acute points outwards above and below vein 5. It also has a 
fine white outer edge and extends widely inwards at vein 1. The white submarginal line is diffuse anteriorly, 
distinct from vein 5 downwards and only slightly dentate. On hindwings central band is boldly curved, ex¬ 
panding in the centre. The yellow apical spot is large. 70 mm. Punjab, Sikkim. — inconstans Btlr. is a much inconstans. 
more frequent race from Cashmir and N. India. It was already discussed in Vol. Ill, p. 316 and illustrated 
on pi. 56 g. It can be recognised by a grey-white oblique stripe from costa to the lower reniform mark; also 
before the anterior part of the postmedian line there is a faintly paler patch. The white submarginal line is 
more diffuse and the dentation lai'ger. 75 mm. — armandi Pouj., was dealt with in Vol. Ill, p. 312 and is armandi. 
just like inconstans and according to Mell, only a form of tapestrina. In regard to this see Iris 50, p. 76. 
2. Genus: JE{>hesia Hbn. 
This Genus was described in Vol. Ill, p. 314. All species have hindwings with yellow ground colour. 
E. nivea Btlr. (Vol. 3, pi. 55 f). This large species with its very pale yelloAV hindwings is chiefly palae- nivca. 
arctic, but it also occurs in the Punjab. According to Warren the indian specimens are darker; on the other 
hand Hampson says: hindwings and underside paler. It is described in Vol. Ill on p. 314, and illustrated on 
pi. 55 f. 
E. flavescens Hmps. (44 a) occurs in Cashmir on palaearctic territory and is also described from the flavescens. 
Punjab in India and was dealt with in Vol. Ill, p. 315 and illustrated on pi. 63 f. It is recognisable by the 
striking white spot below the reniform stigma. On hindwings the black marginal band is interrupted near 
the anal angle. 
E. dotata Wkr. (44 a). This and the following species are purely indian. dotata is recognisable by 2 dotata. 
white spots on forewing, of which one is situate at end of cell and the other below the reniform stigma. The 
double antemedian line has pale interfilling, it is less undulate than usual and proceeds obliquely outwards 
to the submedian fold and is angulated inwards on vein 1. Postmedian line is similar to that of tapestrina, 
on vein 1 it projects widely inwards. The pale dentate submarginal line is similar to that of inconstans. Hind- 
wings also similar to inconstans, the ground colour between the central and marginal band being narrower. 
50—55 mm. — The larva of this species is also described. It is ochreous brown with red spots and blackish 
lateral line. The abdominal segments with pairs of small and large subdorsal warts, on the eleventh segment 
these form a row and on the eighth segment there is a dorsal hump. It feeds on Quercus alba. 
E. persimilis Warr. (44 a). Forewings grey-brown. In this and the following species, the outer line pershmUs. 
of forewings is bent inwards under the reniform stigma in a snake-like form similarly as in fulminea, proto- 
nympha, xarippe (Vol. 3, pi. 57 a). The antemedian line is double, undulate and normal. Before the reniform 
