460 
NYCTIPAO. By M. Gaede. 
obliterans. 
exterior. 
rupicapra. 
cinereosuf- 
jusa. 
orion. 
dilutebrun- 
nea. 
sumalrensis. 
alb idosuff li¬ 
sa. 
aerosa. 
nyctaculis. 
javanensis. 
philippinen- 
sis. 
lombokensis. 
macfarlanei. 
macrops. 
Before it the costa is widely black, then more narrowly so and outwardly with a narrow white edge. 
On liindwings a faint dentate inner and outer line, the latter finely edged by white. The white submarginal 
line is close beyond. A few forms of the $ have been denominated: — obliterans Wkr. This denotes specimens 
with extinct markings. — exterior Wkr. lias the white line on both wings more heavily marked. — rupicapra 
Candeze has the white patches of exterior replaced by rose-brownish (chamois). — cinereosuffusa Strd. differs 
by the more extensive grey dusting of the forewings than in exterior, on liindwings this space is white with 
dark scales. 80—95 mm. Throughout India, Sunda Islands, Formosa, rupicapra is described from Tonkin, 
but like the other forms probably has a wide distribution. 
N. orion Hmps. (45 b). Only the $ is known and described from 2 specimens. The species differs by 
the median line of forewings from caprimulgus. It is straight and undulate from below costa to the ocellus. 
Postmedian line does not vary. In many specimens in the Berlin Museum the angulation under vein 4 is less 
pronounced. Described from Borneo, with the same distribution as caprimulgus. — dilutebrunnea Strd. Fore¬ 
wings pale brown anterior to the postmedian line, distally throughout pale brown except for a dark patch at 
apex. Hindwings paler beyond the postmedian line. 80—95 mm. 
N. sumatrensis Hmps. (45 b). This is described from a few $$ and like the preceding is probably only 
a caprimulgus form. Postmedian line of forewings has no projection at vein 4, similar specimens are mentioned 
under orion. The black median line is impressed behind the ocellus mark. Meanwhile there are specimens 
under both caprimulgus and orion, where one may be in doubt as to whether the line is “impressed” or not. - 
albidosuffusa Strd. corresponds to caprimulgus-cinereosuffusa Strd. — sumatrensis S is described by Rothschild 
as “very similar to a S of purpurata, the large ocellus distinct.” 80 — 95 mm. Sumatra. 
3. Hindwings of S less stunted. Vein 2—6 normal, only 7 and 8 short¬ 
ened. Costa turned over at top and containing flocculent masses o f h a i r s. 
(Subgenus Palula Gn.). 
N. aerosa Swli. (45 c). In this the ocellus of forewings is not so disproportionately large. Inner and 
median lines as in nyctaculis . Outer line as a diffuse dark shade, somewhat excurved below vein 7 and in 
the centre. The submarginal line rather further from the margin than in nyctaculis , below costa and in centre 
it is faintly excurved. Hindwings with indistinct oblique median band. 8.0 mm. One S from Gilolo in the 
Oxford Museum. According to Hampson this may be the to the $ nyctaculis Sn. 
N. nyctaculis Sn. (45 b). Submarginal line of forewings is delicately black, somewhat undidate, close 
to margin, incurved at costa, angulated inwards above vein 4 and below vein 2, less pronouncedly so in <$. 
Ocellus is large, somewhat impressed at origin of vein 3 and 4. Antemedian line oblique, undulate, angulated 
inwards below vein 2. Median line curved closely around the ocellus, angulated sharply inwards below and 
then vertically. Postmedian line oblique from costa to vein 6 and first more heavily and then more lightly 
impressed, angulated outwards at vein 4 and expanding towards inner margin, with an angulation on subme¬ 
dian fold. On hindwings of $ 2 indistinct dark bands. In $ antemedian line is angulated inwards on vein 2, 
outer and submarginal lines correspond to those of forewings. 75—90 mm. Described from Celebes, in the 
Berlin Museum some specimens from the Philippines. The only existing $ appears according to the description 
to correspond to aerosa Sivh. (see remarks under that species). The latter is described from a single q from 
Gilolo. — javanensis Hmps. (45 c) described from a single S differs from nyctaculis $ by a narrow band, some¬ 
what paler than the ground colour before the outer line of forewings. Submarginal line is somewhat bolder 
on both wings and appears to be situate rather further from the margin; it has the same form as in nycta¬ 
culis. - philippinensis nov. forma. This name is given to the form designated as nyctaculis by Hampson. It 
differs from the q (according to the material at my disposal) by more distinct markings. In and $ the 
finer submarginal line is closer to the mai’gin and is more regularly undulate. 78—90 mm. Mindanao. Type 
in the Berlin Museum. 
M. lombokensis Swh. This also has a large ocellus, that is impressed somewhat on inner side. On both 
wings an ante and post-median line, regularly curved in contrast to the other species. A submarginal line is 
not mentioned. One £ from Lombok. 100 mm. 
N. macfarlanei Btlr. (45 c). With heavy blue gloss. This and the folloAving species are more or less 
similar to the widely distributed macrops L. Ocellus large, but nevertheless smaller than in macrops. All lines 
on forewings very similar, only the post-median line more closely resembles that of nyctaculis in its thicker 
and thinner parts. Submarginal line is less boldly angulated at vein 4, more attentuate and continuous i. e. 
not interrupted or consisting of spots. On hindwings inner, outer and submarginal lines are finer and regul¬ 
arly curved. <$ 95—110 mm. Amboina, Sumbawa, Banda, New Guinea, Queensland. 
N. macrops L. This very common and widely distributed species was already dealt with in Vol. III. 
p. 323 and illustrated on pi. 58 e, as it also occurs on palaearctic territory in China. Otherwise it occurs fre¬ 
quently over the whole of India, Ceylon and the Sunda Islands. 
