478 
ERCHEIA. By M. Gaede. 
pulclirivena. E. pulchrivena Wkr. (52 b). Differing from the preceding and subsequent species by having only 2 
white spots on hindwings, placed radially. Ground colour as in ekeikei, red-brown in the outer half downwards 
to the submedian fold. Antemedian line indistinct, blackish, double, indented in centre. Reniform stigma in¬ 
distinct, narrow, black. Postmedian line black, fine, very obliquely outwards to vein G. Submarginal line white, 
parallel to margin, distally with black triangles. Hindwings dark brown. In the $ inner marginal area of fore- 
pulchrivenu- wings is rose-brown. - pulchrivenula Bird, has a Avhite spot on forewings between the cell and the postmedian 
,a " line, it extends to costa. 
The following species cyllaria Cram., quadriplaga Wkr. dubia Btl. with their numerous subforms are 
probably certainly, as assumed by E. Prout, only forms of an extremely variable species. A similar instance 
occurs in the indian Plotheia decrescens Wlcr. of which about 30 forms are named or in the african Achaea lienardi 
Bsd. (Vol. 15, p. 239, pi. 28 d, e), of which 10 forms are denominated. We place the forms, that have 3 spots 
on the hindwings under cyllaria, such with only one spot under dubia, even if the other differences are as 
unimportant as in cyllaria-gundiana and dubia, form 6. 
cyllaria. E. cyllaria Cram. (= polychroma Wkr., atrivitta Wkr., purpureilinea Wkr., tenebrosa Mr., collustrans 
Luc.) (52 b). Forewings reddish and dark brown. Antemedian line fine, black, somewhat outwards below costa 
and under submedian fold. Reniform stigma brown, edged by black scales and with white clots above and 
below. Indications of a median line, incurved under cell. Postmedian line distinct, double, black, obliquely 
outwards from costa to vein 6, then excurved to vein 3 and inwards to submedian fold, steeply vertical to inner 
margin. Short black striations close to apex. Hindwings blackish with large white spot below the lower angle 
of cell, a small submarginal spot distally and another near the inner margin. In the $ there is an inclination 
diffusislriga. to dark striations at inner margin and outer margin of forewings. - diffusistriga Bird, only differs by a diffuse 
uniformis. black streak on submedian fold, extending to outer margin. — uniformis Mr. Forewings uniformly brown, 
without black striations at inner margin, above vein 2 and in apical area. On the other hand with a small black 
signivitta. annulus below the end of cell. signivitta Wkr. (52 b). Uniformly brown on submedian fold of forewings with 
semi pallida, wide dark band to margin. semipallida Wkr. (52 c) diffuse brown, however, whitish at inner margin and on 
cyllota. costa near apex. — cyllota Gn. Only black under the cell in basal area and behind the postmedian line on costa. 
diffusistriga- Reniform stigma as a pale grey spot. — diffusistrigatula Strd. (52 b). Similar but forewings with diffuse dark 
cyllarioidcs on submedian fold and black reniform stigma. — cyllarioides Bird . Brown over the entire inner marginal 
area and on outer margin to vein 5; reniform stigma not black; nothing is said about the rest of the wing. - 
fusifera. fusifera Wkr. (52 c) with black-brown forewings, only the inner margin and outer marginal area are pale red- 
costipanno- dish, gundiana Fldr. is probably the same. - costipannosa Mr. (52 c). Forewings uniformly pale brown, dark 
sa ' at base from costa to submedian fold. Below the origin of vein 2, a dark spot on submedian fold and a semi¬ 
circular one on costa near apex. Anal angle varyingly dark. On hindwings in this form there is frequently 
only one main spot present instead of the usual 3 white spots, the other 2 are either faint or absent, pannosa 
alikangcnsis. is only a paler costipannosa and a transition to dubia Btlr. — alikangensis Bird, is a $ without white spots on 
upper side of hindwings, a white band reflects through from the underside. Markings consist of a white sub¬ 
marginal line that is distinct anteriorly and at inner margin of forewings and terminates in a white spot. 42 to 
52 mm. India, Ceylon, Tonkin, Malacca, Sunda Islands, Formosa, Australia. 
dubia. E. dubia Btlr. (52 c). Also this species is very variable as can be seen by a comparison of the illustrations 
in Semper Schmett. Philipp., pi. 60, fig. 13 and in Hampson's Cat. Lep. Phal. Br. Mus. It is smaller and paler 
than cyllaria f. costipannosa Mr. The faint double postmedian line is continuous, the white submarginal line 
more distinct. The spot below the origin of vein 2 is more distinct on paler ground. On hindwings the single 
subdubia. white spot is occasionally sometimes somewhat extended like a band. — subdubia Strd. has an additional black 
clarior. spot below the end of cell. In our illustration of dubia there is an olive-brown spot. - clarior Strd. Basal area 
litura. is not black-brown. - litura Bird, has a diffuse white spot at inner margin between ante and postmedian lines. 
charon. - charon Btlr. is uniformly dark brown, without the dark spot outwardly on costa. Probably corresponds to 
ccrta. cyllaria-uniformis. — certa B.-Bak. like charon, but inner margin paler, reddish brown, similar striations in 
dubiosa. marginal area. — dubiosa Strd. corresponds exactly to cyllaria-fusifera. - apicalis Hulst. Forewings dark, 
apicalis. suffused with lilac-grey in basal area. Inner area and marginal striations as in certa. A spot on the submedian 
fold is black, it is paler in dubia. Costal spot reddish brown. — Also the form corresponding to cyllaria-signivitta 
occurs. 40—55 mm. Formosa, New Guinea, Australia. 
quadriplaga. E. quadriplaga Wkr. (52 c). According to Hampson’s illustration this would appear to be a pale dubia. 
Ground colour grey-brown, faintly reddish brown in marginal area. Basal and costal spots do not vary. Ante- 
median line and reniform stigma quite indistinct, with a white spot above and below as in the 2 preceding species. 
Postmedian line indistinct on centre of wing, similarly the costal spot distally of it as in dubia. The pale sub¬ 
marginal line much about the same. A white median band on the pale brown hindwing such as Semper illu¬ 
strates in his dubia from the Philippines. 70 mm. One $ from the Celebes. 
