3i 
and even basophil punctation, but there is no blue 
protoplasm of a parasite. 
6. Skin Contaminations .—Brownish yellow or 
even black pigment from the skin should not be 
confused with malarial pigment (melanin). Melanin 
practically never occurs free in the blood, but always 
in the protoplasm of leucocytes. Stained micrococci, 
yeasts, etc., are not uncommon, especially in the 
tropics. 
7. Squashed Leucocyte Nuclei .—Frequently in 
malaria films (stained) large open meshworks of nuclear 
matter are seen with little or no surrounding proto¬ 
plasm. These are degenerated or dropsical, or, 
according to others, mechanically damaged leucocytes, 
and often occur in great numbers. 
8. Deformed Red Cells. —Further, we must point 
out an extraordinary appearance of the red cells in 
stained films. In anaemic (malarial) bloods we find 
red cells ten, thirty, or forty times the diameter of a 
normal cell, and these huge swollen structures shew at 
one side a crescentic area which is granular, and is 
the only remaining part of the red cell that can be 
recognized ; the remainder is practically unstained. 
These gigantic structures may or may not be occupied 
by parasites. They are probably caused by the 
spreading of the film. 
To Determine the Species of Parasite Present 
Three forms are recognized—simple tertian, 
malignant tertian, and quartan. The malignant 
tertian can, as we shall see, produce a quotidian 
temperature with only a single generation of parasites. 
Whether or no there is a true quotidian parasite, one 
or more, is extremely doubtful. 
