2. Tipulidae (Daddy long-legs).—Some small 
Tipulidae often possess a considerable superficial 
resemblance to mosquitoes, as, for example, the winter 
gnat ( Trichocera ), the wings of which are spotted. 
When at rest their bodies lie parallel with the surface, 
and upon it. They have no distinct proboscis (Fig. 16). 
3. Cecidomyidae , or gall midges.—These have 
a simple wing venation, and there are no forked cells. 
In most species the wings and bodies are hairy, not 
scaled. 
4. Rhyphidae. —Wings have a discal cell (below 
the anterior cross vein). They may have spotted wings. 
5. Simulidae , or sand-flies (sometimes also called 
midges).—These are minute flies which suck blood 
voraciously. They have a short and stout proboscis. 
The salivary glands are very large in proportion to the 
size of the fly, and the bite is as severe as that of a 
mosquito. The males are harmless (Fig. 17). 
The larvae of the Simulidae are aquatic, cylindri¬ 
cal in shape, and live on the stems of water plants. 
The imago hatches beneath the water. 
6. Psychodidae (or owl midges), e.g., Phlebotomus. 
—Small fluffy-looking flies which suck blood readily. 
They are most readily detected after feeding, when the 
abdomen is swollen with blood. They have very hairy 
