6i 
the female Culicinae , however, the palps are quite 
short and insignificant structures, whereas in the female 
Anophelinae these are scaled and as long as the proboscis. 
An examination of the female proboscis will at once 
determine whether an insect belongs to the sub-family 
Anophelina or other sub-family. 
2. The wings in nearly all species of Anophelines 
are £ spotted,’ but this is only a popular and not a 
scientific criterion. By the use of the low power of the 
microscope or an ordinary lens, these spots are seen 
to be due to the presence of areas of dark scales upon 
the wing veins, elsewhere covered with light scales. 
Fig. 19. Shewing distinction between pal-pi of Female Anopheline 
{right) and a Culicine {left) 
There are, however, a few members of the 
Anophelinae which have not spotted wings ( e.g ., 
A. bifur catus, and the Indian A. immaculatus). Also 
there are other mosquitoes than Anophelines which 
have spots, e.g., C. mimeticus (costal spots), also 
mosquitoes of the genera Aheobaldia and Lutzia. 
Nevertheless, as a general rough rule, mosquitoes with 
spotted wings are Anophelines. 
3. The angle which the proboscis makes with the 
rest of the body is very different in Anophelines from 
that of other mosquitoes. In Culex , A aeniorhynchus, 
or Stegomyia , the proboscis forms a distinct angle with 
the line of the body (Aaeniorhynchus, forty-five 
degrees). In the case of Anophelines , the proboscis 
continues on in the line of the body {P. stephensi , 
fifteen degrees). The result is to give to an Anopheline 
