207 
and, as far as our observations go, universally. On the 
other hand, where we find M. listoni , M. culicifacies , 
P. jeyforensis , in India, we have a high endemic index. 
The group of mosquitoes, those associated with 
intense malaria, are small dark mosquitoes with 
unbanded legs ( Myzomyia ). 
M. funesta and P. costalis in Africa 
The former mosquito is, like M. listoni , which 
it closely resembles, a breeder in clean waters, streams, 
springs, etc., while P. costalis is found breeding in 
shallow pools about houses and frequents towns (in 
Africa), which M. funesta does not. 
M. funesta was found by us to be infected in the 
Lagos hinterland to the extent of twenty-five to 
fifty per cent., whereas P. costalis in Lagos itself was 
infected only to the extent of three per cent. 
Anophelinae that are known to Transmit 
Malaria 
Although we have about a hundred species, it has been determined, 
only in a very few cases, which of these actually do transmit malaria 
in nature. The following list might be extended, as it often is, but 
only on circumstantial and not on demonstrative evidence. 
Europe.— A. maculipennis , A. bifurcatus , P. superpictus, M. 
pseudopictus. 
North America.— A. maculipennis. 
South America.— Ce. albipes (W. Indies), Ce. argyrotarsis (Brazil), 
M. lutzi (Zygotes). 
Africa.— M. funesta , P. costalis , A. maculipennis , A. algeriensis , 
M. hispaniola (the last three in Algeria) ; Ce. 
pharoensis (Zygotes). 
India.— M. listoni , M. culicifacies, N. fuliginosus. 
LITERATURE 
Stephens and Christophers. Malarial Reports to the Royal 
Society. Series VI and VII. Harrison and Sons, London. 
