226 
thus in Rome it is uncommon, in Senegal, on the 
contrary, exceedingly common. This is an illustration 
of the often neglected fact that tropical malaria 
differs in many ways from malaria of temperate climes. 
Filter the urine if morphological constituents 
are present, as is the case in blackwater fever, through 
two thicknesses of filter paper, or add some calcined 
magnesia, then filter. Place some urine in a urine 
glass and, with a pipette reaching to the bottom, allow 
half as much nitric acid to slowly trickle in (Simon). 
A white cloud at the junction layer indicates serum 
albumin (globulin or peptones). Urea nitrate crystals 
will often separate out at this junction layer. 
Serum Globulin .—Make the urine alkaline with 
ammonia ; filter off any precipitated phosphates ; 
to the urine add an equal volume of saturated solution 
of ammonium sulphate. A precipitate indicates globu¬ 
lins ; or the formation of the precipitate may be seen 
at the junction layer. Test filtrate for albumin by 
adding excess of acetic acid and boiling. 
AIbumoses .—-Acidify the urine with acetic acid ; 
add an equal volume of a saturated solution of salt ; 
boil ; if a precipitate occurs (albumen) filter hot. 
Albumoses separate out on cooling ; or to the hot 
filtrate add caustic soda solution, then dilute copper 
solution gradually ; a red colour signifies albumoses. 
Note. —Urines rich in urobilin (e.g., malaria and 
blackwater fever) will give this biuret reaction. 
In presence of urobilin : to ten c.c. of urine add 
eight grammes of powdered ammonium sulphate until 
dissolved ; boil for a few seconds ; the albumoses are 
precipitated on the sides of the test tube ; pour off the 
urine, and wash the precipitate with alcohol, then 
chloroform ; dissolve in water and apply the biuret 
test. Test the alcoholic extract for urobilin. 
