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Nucleo-Albumens. —Filter the urine carefully ; 
boil to remove albumen ; then add gradually excess 
of strong acetic acid. A turbidity indicates nucleo- 
albumens. 
Blood (Haemoglobin, etc.) 
1. Examine Spectroscopically (Fig. 72). — If the 
bands of methaemoglobin or oxyhaemoglobin are seen, 
confirm by adding ammonium sulphide when the 
bands of reduced haemoglobin are got. 
2. Heller's Test. —Make the urine strongly 
alkaline with caustic soda ; boil ; the precipitate in 
the presence of haemoglobin is bright red ; confirm 
by dissolving the filtered precipitate in acetic acid, 
a red solution is formed (spectroscopically this gives 
the characteristic bands of haemachromogen). 
3. Guiacum Test. —Equal parts of tincture of 
guiacum and oil of turpentine (which has been exposed 
to the air) are taken ; add slowly to the urine. A blue 
ring is formed at the junction layer. (Unreliable). 
Methaemoglobin 
The urine in blackwater fever when examined 
early, most frequently contains blood pigment in this 
form, later oxyhaemoglobin. This, according to 
Hoppe-Seyler, also holds good for every urine with 
haemoglobin in solution. 
The Characters of Methaemoglobin are :— 
In acid solution the oxyhaemoglobin bands are 
weak or invisible. There is a band between C and D, 
nearer the former. The band of acid haematin is 
similar in position. It is, however, close to C. 
