Bilirubin and Haematoidin (in Urinary 
Sediment) 
1. Bilirubin crystals form yellowish-brown rhom- 
boidal plates or needles. 
Easily soluble in CHCl r Gives Gmelin’s reaction, 
green, under the microscope. 
2. Haematoidin, dark red in colour or greenish 
if impure, with nitric acid they give a transient blue. 
According to Hoppe-Seyler, however, they are 
identical. 
Haematoporphyrin 
Occurs in urine as alkaline haematoporphyrin 
(Fig. 73). In urate sediments a similar form occurs. 
It is soluble in chloroform, giving bands similar to those 
of oxyhaemoglobin, but acid converts this into acid 
haematoporphyrin bands. Solutions have a brilliant 
red fluorescence. It is found in the urine in toxic 
conditions, such as chronic sulphonal poisoning. It is 
precipitated by lead acetate, while oxyhaemoglobin 
is not. 
Sugar 
Before testing for sugar, boil to remove all 
proteids. 
Reduction of copper solution is effected by bile 
pigments. Reduction occurs also in patients taking 
salicylic acid, sulphonal, and quinine (Simon), so that 
it may be necessary to use— 
1. Fermentation Test or 
2. Phenyl-Hydrazine Fest .—Take a pinch of pure 
phenyl-hydrazine, ten drops glacial acetic acid, one 
c.c. of a saturated solution of common salt; add three 
