2 75 
nucleus of the red cell is displaced. The larger forms 
have at one of the poles a pale mass, staining with 
difficulty. Division forms are found in the liver. 
5. H. bagensis. —In a tortoise ( Emys leprosa ) in 
Tunis, (i) Young stage does not exceed threequarters 
the length of red cell, (ii) Vermicule stage encysted. 
The cyst does not stain. Nucleus variable in position, 
always central according to Billet. (iii) Large oval 
forms, (iv) Division forms in liver (Fig. 89). 
Fig. 89. H. viperini. (1) young parasite; (2) the parasite 
is encysted in the nucleus , the cyst and the red cell show stippling 
(Romanowsky). H. hagensis. (1) vermicule ; (2) encysted stage 
6. Hg. stepanowia. —In a fresh water tortoise 
(Damonia reevesii). Closely resembles H. stepanowi but 
differs in the following points :—(i) One limb of the 
vermicule is quite short, (ii) The nucleus of the 
vermicule is in the longer limb, not at the bend, 
(iii) The free vermicule is shorter and thicker (18-20 by 
5/y) than in H. stepanowi. (iv) The nucleus of the 
red cell is displaced but not hypertrophied as is the 
rule in the case of H. stepanowi , whereas in H. stepan- 
owia it is displaced and hypertrophied. Multiplication 
forms occur in the liver. (Fig. 90) 
7. Hg. rara .—In a freshwater tortoise {Damonia 
reevesii). It is crescentic or banana shaped, 15 by 2-3/^. 
