3^9 
The Brachycera (ftpaxvs short, /cepas antenna) 
include the following :— 
i. Labanidae (Horse-flies or gad ( = sting) flies). 
Large flies. Antenna three-jointed, not termin¬ 
ating in a style or arista (the arista (when bristle-like) 
or style (when thick) being an appendage of the 
terminal portion (flagellum) of the antenna). Third 
segment of antenna annulated. Labium enclosing 
four stylets in $, six in ?. The terminal joint of 
the palpi is inflated, and the palpi hang down in front 
of the proboscis. Eyes in $ holoptic (contiguous), 
occupying most of head area. In ? dichoptic (sepa¬ 
rate). The male fly does not bite. 
Fig. 120 . Wing of Lefidoselaga ( Hadrus ), a Tabanid. a.c.v. — 
anterior cross vein ; p.c.v. = posterior cross vein 
Egg .—Spindle-shaped. They are laid in spherical 
or flat groups on the stems of grass, etc. 
Larva .—Are aquatic or live in damp earth. 
They are carnivorous. They are about an inch long. 
Pupa .—Aquatic or terrestrial. Over an inch long. 
The Labanidae are divided into two divisions, 
comprising more than thirty genera and over thirteen 
hundred species. It is only possible to mention here 
the commonest genera. 
