Demerara Sugar Production. 
present use is simplicity itself. It is simply a box made 
in any convenient shape. The juice enters at one end, 
and is broken into spray, it falls like rain through the box 
and gets out at the other end ; the fumes of burning 
sulphur enter at the bottom, and what is not absorbed by 
the juice exits at the top. The sulphur is burnt in a 
simple furnace generally made out of an old condensed- 
water trap, and is either blown into the box by a steam 
jet or a slight vacuum is created in the exit chimney by 
a jet, which makes the draught necessary to carry the 
fumes into the box. The box is generally f sealed' so that 
air cannot enter at either end; this can be done by the 
simple expedient of turning up the ends of the pipes 
which carry the juice to and from the box, thus the pipe 
is always full of fluid ; and to prevent any chance of acidity, 
a small drain hole is made in the bottom of the bend, to 
empty the pipes when the mill stops. This is somewhat 
difficult to explain in words but a sketch would show the 
arrangement at a glance. It has been found that the 
sulphur does not all unite with the oxygen ; in fa6l there 
are two operations going on simultaneously, the one is 
combustion, the other distillation. The consequence isthat, 
not only does the juice absorb some of the sulphurous 
acid, the result of the combustion, but it also condenses 
the boiling sulphur, precipitating ' sublimed sulphur' 
which is deposited along with the subsidings of the clari- 
fiers, and if allowed to get into the c wash,' does immense 
damage to the quality and flavour of the rum. It has 
been suggested that the best way to prevent this is to 
draw all the fumes of the burning sulphur through water, 
just like a hookah, or coolie 'hubble-bubble' pipe. But 
now that all the subsidings go to the filter presses, instead 
