132 TlMEHRI. 
recovery. Courageous persons badly bitten in a finger or toe are 
known to have saved their lives by the immediate amputation of the 
wounded member. 
(i) If the wound is on some part of the extremities, one or more 
ligatures should be made as tightly as possible at a short distance 
above the wound, to stop circulation ; this is most effectually done 
by inserting a stick under the ligature and twisting it to the utter- 
most. The ligatures are left until means are taken to destroy the 
virus in the wound and other remedial measures are resorted 
to, or until the swelling necessitates their removal. (2) The punc- 
tured wounds should be enlarged by deep incisions, to cause a free 
efflux of the poisoned blood, or should be cut out entirely. (3) The 
wound should be sucked either by the patient or some other person 
whose mouth is free from any solution of continuity. Cupping-glasses, 
where they can be applied, answer the same purpose, but not with the 
same effe6t. (4) By cauterization with a red-hot iron, a live coal, 
nitrate of silver or carbolic or mineral acid, or by injections of per- 
manganate of potassium, the poison which remains in the wound can 
be destroyed or neutralized. Ammonia applied to the wound as a wash 
and rubbed into the neigbouring parts is likewise undeniably of great 
benefit, especially in less serious cases, since it alleviates the pain and 
reduces the swelling. (5) Internally, stimulants are to be taken freely ; 
they do not aft as specifics against the virus, but are given to excite 
the a£tion of the heart, the contractions of which become feeble and 
irregular, to counteract the physical and mental depression, and to 
prevent a complete collapse. Brandy, whisky, and ammonia in any of 
its officinal forms should be taken in large doses and at short intervals. 
The so-called (l snake-stones" can have no other effect than, at the best, 
to a6t as local absorbents, and can be of use only in the very slightest 
cases. 
It may perhaps be advisable to mention that, though 
suftion of the wound is recommended, some authorities 
consider it of but little, although of some, use ; and 
considering that there is a possibility of the poison from 
the wound being absorbed by the mucous membranes of 
the person who sucks it, it might be as well to resort to 
it only in extreme cases. 
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