LEOCYMA; CATOCALINAE. Bv M. Gaede. 
2(Hi 
nevertheless rather differently marked, some quite similar to the African species of the genera Euproctis or 
Eoloe (cf. Vol. XIV, p. 143 and 00 ). TyjJe: appoUinis Gn. 
1. Anterior tibiae of cJ witli a large hair-tnft. 
appoUinis. L. appollinis Gn. euproctisoides Ik At.) (20 c). Body and wings orange. The with a black spot in 
the submedian fold on of the length of the wing, the cj and $ with a variably sized black spot at the middle 
of the cross-vein. 32—35 mm. South and East Africa, Madagascar. Of this species, exceptionally, the larva 
is known. it is yellowish white with 3 fine interrupted red lines on the dorsum and lateral streaks. A black 
transverse stripe on the first segment, between the 4th and 11th segments 6 brown double stripes on each 
segment with a small red spot next to the centre of the dorsum. Red lateral streaks. Tubercles black. — It 
resembles exactly a light Euproctis nessa (Vol. XIV, pi. 27 h). 
rates. L. vates Saahn. ( 2 (» c) is mentioned as a species by Hamp,sox. In my opinion, it is a form at most, 
for it merely differs from appollinis in the hindwing of vates-^ being narrowly darkened blackish at the distal 
margin in the anterior part. $ 34 mm. Madagascar. We figure the type and allotype of Saalmuller). 
2. Anterior tibiae of ^ moderately liairy. 
discnphnra. L. discophora Hmps. (20 c) is somewhat more different. Thorax yellow, abdomen brownish. Forewing 
yellow with few black scales. A triangular red-brown spot at the margin, terminating behind the cell with an 
obtuse point. IMedian line red-brown, excavated in the cell, below it with a round spot in the submedian fold 
and vertical to the inner margin. Exterior and submai’ginal lines red-brown, parallel, both excurved behind 
the cell, then inward as far as vein 2 , vertically continued to the inner margin. Hindwdng diaphanous yellowdsh 
white, narrowly yellow' at the margin. 30 mm. West and South Africa. 
The 3 following s])ecies resemble eacli other. 
Camilla. L. Camilla Drc. (20 c). Thorax yellow, abdomen brownish wdiite. Forewdng lemon-coloured, the mar¬ 
ginal area reddish brown, bordered inside in a uniform bowy enclosing a darker browm faded submarginal 
band, distally angled at vein 7. Hindwing whitish in the basal area, broadly pale brown at the margin. The 
$ has a more extensively brown hindwing. 28—32 mm. West Africa. 
candace. L. candacc Fau'C. (20 c). Thorax pale yellowy abdomen brownish ochreous. Forewing yellow wdth few 
red-brown scales. MTiile camitUi exhibits a very insignificant reddish yellow' dot in the submedian fold, candace 
shows a large white round spot here, edged with red-l)row'n. The red-browm marginal area is darkest inside, 
its l)order more incurved in the middle. Hindwdng moi*e pui’ely wdiite at the base than in camilta, somewdiat 
diajihanous, brownish ochreous at the margin. 30 mm. East Africa. 
rougocnsis. ]_. congoensls Holl. Thorax reddish browm. Abdomen and wings dark yellow'. Both w'ings red-brown 
in the marginal area. The border, on both w'ings, consists of a dark double line Avith a lighter filling. Forew'ing 
with a whitish oval sjiot finely edged dark, at the costal margin near the apex. A few wdiite scales behind the 
cell in the marginal area, and more of them at the anal angle. 30 mm. Congo District. 
Subfamily; Catocalinae. 
This subfamily is mostly conpiosed of rather large or also very large lepidoptera; most of the species 
have become known as the first Heterocera in their resjiective jiatria. The one cause of it is their fugacity, 
since they are very easily started and even leave their hiding-place in broaddaylight, as soon as one ap- 
])roaches them. Even those sjiecies that rest on rocks or tree-trunks and might trust their protective colouring 
just as w'ell as most of the Notodontklae being almost quite inert in their repose, flee immediately and betray 
themselves to the pursuer liy doing so. Some, like the paiaearctie Mormonia, begin even to sw'arm before 
the sun is setting; others, as for instance some Erebus (Nyctipao) , rouse the attention of a person w'alking 
along in the calm of the evening by producing a distinctly audible sharp noise somew'hat like the clicking of a 
snapping cock of a gun. by wdiich timid persons ])assing through the gloomy tro])ical forest may be frightened. 
A large ]Aart of the Catocalinae has conspicuous glaring colours. Their variability is not so great in 
the Ethio])ian Region as with the Catocalinae of the northern tem])erate zone, yet the colours themselves 
are often of a great intensity. The magnificent hemochrome or dee]) pink colour on the hindwing of Ilmiodes 
(24 e) is not excelled by any northern species, and the widely distributed Tropical African Egybolis vaUJantina^ 
(21 g), owing to its sym])athetic colouring of metallic blue and bright gold orange, undoubtedly numbers among 
the most beautiful insects that are known. 
\Mierever the Catocatmae are not conspicuous by magnificent colours, they mostly exhibit im])osing 
sizes. Erebus walkeri w'ith an expanse of wings of up to 130 mm is the largest Ethiopian Noctuid and hardly 
