214 
NYCTIPAO; CYLIGRAMMA. By M. Gaede. 
inacropn. 
(ifarhiis. 
hiloiia. 
ItUKpift. 
dll ple.r. 
12. Genus: ^STyctipao Him. 
We keej) to Hubner's denomination of this genus (in opposition to the old name of Erebus Lair. [1810]). 
In Africa only the group of Patula Gn. is represented, the E of which exhibits a stunted marginal area of the 
hindwing, similar to the genus Meiacha (21 h). The commonest species touches palaearctic regions in Central 
China and was therefore dealt with already in Vol. Ill, where the excellent figure on pi. 58 distinctly shows 
the bent over costal part.of the E hindwing and the hair-flock protruding from the fold. Some of the 25 species 
known penetrate also in New Guinea into the Papuan subdistrict. — Proboscis normal, palpi reaching the 
Irons with the second joints, the third long and thin. Antennae of E finely ciliated. All the 3 tibiae spined. 
Forewing broad, undulate at the distal margin. Vein 3 mostly more separated from 4 and 5 than normally, 
the cell very short. Cell of hindwing still shorter, veins 3, 4 and 5 from the lower angle. Type; crepuscidaris L., 
distributed from Japan to New Guinea. In the Indo-Australian Region there are numerous species divided 
into many sidrordinate groups. Only 2 species in Africa. 
N. macrops L. (Vol. Ill, pi. 58 e). This large conspicuous species is distributed in Japan, China and 
India (cf. Vol. Ill, p. 323 and pi. 58 b). It is most conspicuous for its warm brown tinge with the large eye- 
spot containing a brown comma-hke mark, and the large scent-pencil on the hindwing of the E- Ifs range, 
however, is still larger than it was stated in Vol. Ill; it seems to be very common in East Africa, and there 
are also specimens before me from Togo and Cameroon. 
N. atavistis Hmps. shows the tibiae long-haired, the hindwing of the E hS'S no scent-pencil, and contrary 
to macrops it makes an insignificant impression. Body and wings dark brown. Interior line blackish, somewhat 
oblic£ue, inward in the submedian fold, with a distal angle at vein 1. Instead of the complicated eye-marking 
of the Indian species a large, reversely placed comma-figure at the cross-vein, edged with black, somewhat 
whitish inside, with bhush scales outside of it. Exterior line black, incurved at the costal margin and vein 2, 
where it forms an angle, edged light outside. Three white sj)ots near the apex down as far as vein 6. Sub- 
marginal line black, notched. Hindwing with an indistinct steep interior line. Cross-vein black. Median line 
projecting at vein 4 in a feeble angle, on both sides of which it is slightly inserted. E 80 mm. Uganda. 
13. Genus: Cyligramma Bsd. 
This genus is composed of about 10 partly very similar s^iecies all of which live in the Ethiopian Region. 
They are all large, deep dark brown lejudoptera with a large, sometimes somewhat distorted eye-spot in the 
centre of the forewing. In addition, there are a number of serpentine black transverse lines through both the 
wings, and in many species also a white transverse band, sometimes confined to one sex alone. The lepidoptera 
are common in many places and come to the lantern in great numbers. — Proboscis normal, pal])i not so ex¬ 
tremely long as in Nycfipao. Antennae of E finely ciliated. All the tibiae spined. Marking of forewing often 
similar to that of Nyctipao, but the neuration differs in the al)sence of the areole. Vein 3 remote from 4 and 5. 
Veins 3, 4 and 5 of hindwing from the lower cell-angle. Type: latona Cr. All the species from Africa. Most of 
them exhibit the reversed comma-mark on the forewing. 
C. latona Cr. (= troglodyta F.) (22 a). Body and forewing dark reddish brown, dusted brownish och- 
reous at the margin except at the costal margin. Interior line black, uniformly bent. The comma on the head 
is brown with 2 silvery spots, then blackish, the tail olive green, the bend filled with black. Towards the base 
the tail is edged with yellow, otherwise more olive brown. The median line surrounds this spot in a % circle, 
then it extends notched from vein 2 to the inner margin. Exterior line broad, yellowish, outward as far as vein (>, 
then inwardly removed and almost straight to the inner margin. A submarginal row of black triangles or a 
somewhat undulate line. Hindwing with a somewhat obsolete interior line. Exterior line yellow, broad, al¬ 
most straight. Strongly curved black siibmarginal lunae are finely edged with yellow inside. Behind the ex¬ 
terior line dusted brownish ochreous. G5—85 mm. Throughout Africa, Madagascar, and Aden. 
C. magus (= goudotii Gn., buchholzi Plotz) (22 a, b). Body and wings reddish brown, forewing 
darker before the exterior line. Interior line extra-angnlar below the costal margin and below vein 2, otherwise 
obliquely imvaid. The reversed comma-spot with a black toji, two-pointed, the tail olive brown, finely edged 
with yellow towards the base, and otherwise similar to latona. Median line also similar to latona, but someAvhat 
more obliquely inward below vein 2. Exterior band greyish ochreous in the E, obliquely outward as far as 
vein 6, then double, almost straight to the inner margin. Submarginal line composed of a series of black spots, 
finely edged light inside, distally bent at veins 6 and 3, otherwise inward. Median line of hindwing less distinct, 
the straight exterior band broader, less light, the sidmiarginal band similar to that of the forewing. The $ 
exhibits the exterior band white on both wings. 58—70 mm. Everywhere in Ethiopian Africa. 
C. duplex Gn. (22 b). As the name intimates, it is a double of magus. Ground-colour the same, 
also the interior line, the comma and the median line are rather similar, except perhaps the rounding of 
the median line behind the comma being less flattened. The darkening at the inner margin extends from 
