THE CULTIVATOR. 
&04 
enumerate some sixty species. The varieties are al¬ 
most without number, and are annually multiplied by 
nature and art. The principal species for garden 
culture are, 1, the spinosissima, or Scotch rose, ad¬ 
mired for its foliage as well as flowers; 2, the Da¬ 
mascene or damask rose, embracing many termed 
perpetual roses, that is, blooming till checked by the 
frosts of autumn; 3, centifolia, Provens or hundred 
leaved, including the mossy varieties ; 4. the gallica, 
or officinal, embracing the largest number of cultivat¬ 
ed varieties; 5, alba , or white; 6, rubiginosa, or 
sweet brier; 7, Indica, or Chinese, including Ben¬ 
gal ; and 8, semperflorens, or ever-blooming. The 
moschala, Lawrenceana and Banksice, are also culti¬ 
vated, particularly in the green-house. The flowers 
of the rose are of all colours, from a pure white to a 
bright yellow and very dark red—some are dwarfs, 
some tall growers, and some climbers. A dozen 
plants, embracing different colours and varieties, are 
a great ornament in a court-yard or garden. Most 
of the varieties of the rose propagate by suckers, 
others require to be layered, and some are propagat¬ 
ed by cuttings. Suckers may be planted in the au¬ 
tumn or spring, and should be cut down to five or 
six inches ; and the ground should be kept clean 
and in good order. All the weak, dead or dying wood 
of roses should be carfully taken out, and it is the 
practice with many to cut them down in spring, to a 
certain height, say one or two feet, except climbing 
varieties, to produce strong flowers. 
25. Snowbekry, Symphorea racemosa —is a small 
shrub, which produces clusters of white fruit in au¬ 
tumn, and is ornamental. Propagates freely by suck¬ 
ers. S. Punica, or crimson berried, which carries its 
berries in winter, is also ornamental. 
26. Spice-bush, Lanrus benzoin —a native of our 
woods, is a desirable inmate of the shrubbery. 
27. Spirjea. —Several species, with delicate flow¬ 
ers, which are indigenous, are worthy of culture. 
28. Strawberry Tree, Euonymus —white and red 
fruited, are highly ornamental, and are readily propa¬ 
gated from the seed. 
29. Syringa, Philadelphus. —There are three spe¬ 
cies, all worth cultivating, admired for their flowers, 
and the coronarius (mock-orange,) for its fragrance. 
Propagated by suckers. 
30. Sweet-scented shrub, Calycanlhus floridus — 
has flowers of a brown purple colour, of an agreeable 
odour, like spices—leaves fragrant. 
Perennials, biennials and annuals in our next. 
Blight in Grain caused hy Barberry Bushes. 
We find a strong confirmation of the correctness 
of Sir Joseph Banks, in saying that barberry bushes 
caused rust or mildew in corn crops, in a communi¬ 
cation of the Rev. Dr. Singer to the Highland Socie¬ 
ty of Scotland. The Doctor states, that the loss an¬ 
nually sustained in Dumfriesshire, by this distemper 
on the crops, amounted to more than iHOOQ, or 
4,444 dollars ; that Sir W. J. Hope, to test the cor¬ 
rectness of Sir Joseph’s theory, caused the total ex¬ 
tirpation of the barberry bushes upon his estate; and 
that since that was done, and for above twenty years, 
no such distemper has appeared in his felds. And he 
adds, the same thing has been done in some parts of 
Ayreshire, and the same result has followed. 
It is not intended to be understood, that the bar¬ 
berry bush is the cause, but merely a cause, of the 
mildew. The mildew, or rust, is known to be a pa¬ 
rasite ; but it is contended, that this parasite be¬ 
longs to a genus of plants ; that different species in¬ 
fest, exclusively, different plants, and that that upon 
the barberry bush is not the species found upon wheat, 
oats, &c. The mildew prevails where there are no 
barberry bushes; but if we admit the malign influ¬ 
ence of this bush upon grain, we may with equal 
propriety admit, that other trees and shrubs which, 
like the barberry, are the home of rust, as the pop¬ 
lar, willow, and a great many others, have an equal¬ 
ly malign influence upon the grain. Two contin¬ 
gencies must occur, it would seem, to favor the pro¬ 
pagation of mildew—plants affording its seeds, and 
a suitable state of the atmosphere to waft these seeds 
to the standing grain. 
Recipes for the Family. 
Cement to mend broken china or glass. —Garlick 
stamped in a stone mortar; the juice whereof, when 
applied to the pieces to be joined together, is the fin¬ 
est and strongest cement for that purpose, and will 
leave little or no mark if done with care.— Dom. Ency. 
Cement for stopping cracks in cast iron boilers .— 
Common salt by measure four parts, smithy slack one 
part, flower of sulphur three parts, flour one part, 
water to make the ingredients into a paste.— lb. 
Another which we have proved. —Beat up the whites 
of eggs, and add powdered unslaked lime to make a 
paste, and fill with it the cracks in iron vessels.— 
Though it does not reunite the iron, it will prevent 
the vessel leaking. 
A cement that resists the action of fire and water .— 
Take half a pint of milk, and mix it with an equal 
quantity of vinegar, so as'to coagulate the milk. Se¬ 
parate the curd from the whey, and mix the latter 
with the whites of four or five eggs, after beating 
them well up. The mixture of these two substances 
being complete, add quick-lime to them which has 
passed through a sieve, and make the whole into a 
thick paste of the consistency of putty. If this mix¬ 
ture is carefully applied to broken bodies or to fis¬ 
sures of any kind, and dried properly, it resists fire 
and water.— lb. [We have tried it successfully to 
stop leaks around chimneys in the roof.] 
Cement for a floor. —A very hard and dry, and also 
incombustible cement for floors, in lieu ot boards or 
bricks, is, tar thickened with pitch, and while hot 
made into a plaster with common wood ashes, as 
much as the hot liquid will take up.— T. Cooper. 
For Shoe Blacking. —Mix lampblack with a little 
sugar and the white of an egg: Then dilute with 
stale beer.— T. Cooper. 
In grafting , Wilson, in the economy of the kitchen 
garden, recommends iresh cow-dung, instead of clay 
or composition, for covering the wound—merely tie- 
ing over it a piece of bladder or oil cloth to prevent 
its being washed off by the rains. From the known 
healing qualities of cow-dung, we have little doubt 
but it would prove an excellent substitute. 
To make salt butter fresh. —Put four pounds of salt 
butter into a churn with four quarts of new milk, and 
a small portion of anatto ; churn them together, and 
in about an hour take out the butter, and treat it 
exactly as fresh butter, by washing it in water, and 
adding the customary quantity of salt. This is a sin¬ 
gular experiment. The butter gains about three 
ounces in each pound, and is, in every particular, 
equal to fresh butter.— Dom. Ency. 
To purify Tallow. —When the tallow you are about 
to employ to make candles, is very dirty or rancid, 
an ounce of pearlash to about ten pounds of tallow, 
put into the water where the tallow is melted, is of 
service.— Cooper. 
A cheap mode of preserving Plums and Grapes, has 
been communicated to us by a female correspondent. 
The process consists in alteimating them in an earth¬ 
en pot, the bottom of which should be previously co¬ 
vered with melted butter, with sugar—every three 
thicknesses of fruit to receive a slight sprinkling of 
sugar. The pot when filled, is to be covered, and 
set into an oven gently heated, so that the fruit 
will crack open, and kept there until the juice be¬ 
comes thick or candied. The fruits may then be ta¬ 
ken out, packed close in stone jars, covered with a 
little sugar, and kept for use, and will retain their na¬ 
tural flavor. When used they may be sweetened to 
suit the taste, and if wanted for pies or puddings, a 
little warm water put upon them will cause them to 
swell and become tender. The benefit consists more, 
we suspect, in retaining the natural flavor of fruit, 
than in the economy of sugar. 
A Yankee desideratum—Pumpkin Pie, good Pump¬ 
kin Pie, without molasses or eggs! Accompanying 
the above, we have an assurance, that a new Shaker 
pumpkin, across of two choice varieties, is so rich and 
fine grained, that it requires neither sugar nor eggs to 
convert it into first rate pumpkin pie. Nor is this 
all, the pumpkin does not require to be divested of its 
rind, but merely scraped, ere it is boiled. 
Remedy against Moth. —Our furs, and our woollen 
apparel, &c. are liable to be seriously injured by moth, 
in the summer season, when they are not in use.— 
We give the following simple preventive, which, al¬ 
though known and practised by many, may be new 
and servicable to some. Put your furs and wollen ap¬ 
parel into linen or hempen bags, and sprinkle the 
bags with spirits of turpentine—moth will not touch 
them. 
A Butt Hinge Manufactory, 
Is now in operation at West-Troy, the first we be¬ 
lieve in the United States, and on an improved prin¬ 
ciple. With half a dozen boys and a couple of men, 
it will turn off a hundred dozen pair of door butts in a 
day, of a quality superior to those ordinarily imported, 
and at as low a price. 
The best Manure for Clay Soils, 
Is sand and ashes, or sand and lime : also plough 
deep, and expose it in the autumn in ridges, through¬ 
out the frost of winter, as the brick-makers are ac¬ 
customed to do.— T. Cooper. 
Stone Walls in Ireland, 
Are built, says the Roscommon Report, without 
mortar, by dry wall masons, with nearly the close¬ 
ness and accuracy of house walls. They build by a 
frame, nearly two and a half feet at the bottom, and 
eighteen inches at top. These are the dimensions 
suitable to a permanent wall six feet in height, which 
is usually coped by two substantial sods of three inch¬ 
es in thickness. The first is laid with its grassy side 
down, on about an inch of level mould, on the top of 
the wall; and the second inverted upon that, with 
the grass uppermost. This species of fence, with 
very little attention paid to it, will be safe at the end 
of fifty years. The expense of such a wall in Ireland, 
including quarrying and drawing the stone, is but 5s. 
7d.—about $1.20—per running perch. In propor¬ 
tion to the diminution of height—and five feet would 
be deemed high enough with us—will be that of width 
and expense of building. 
A table of various Foreign Coins, Ac. with their value 
in Federal Money, as established by an act of Con¬ 
gress. 
$ d. c. m. 
Pound sterling,. 4 4 4 0 
Pound of Ireland,. 4 1 0 0 
Pound of the Canadas,. 4 0 0 0 
Pagoda of India,. I 9 4 0 
Mi 11-re a of Portugal,. 1 2 4 0 
Ruble of Russia, .. 0 6 6 0 
Rupee of Bengal,. 0 5 5 0 
Guilder of the Netherlands,. 0 3 9 0 
Mark Banco of Hamburgh,. 0 3 3 5 
Livre of France,. 0 1 8 5 
Real of Spain,. 0 1 0 0 
A table of the weight and value of certain Foreign Corns. 
Names. Standard weight. 
( Gold.) dwt. gr. 
A Johannes,. 18 0 
A Half Johannes,. 9 0 
A Doubloon,. 16 21 
An English Guinea,. 5 6 
(Silver.) 
English or French Crown, 19 0 
The dollar of Spain, Swe¬ 
den or Denmark,...... 17 6 
An English shilling,. 3 11 
Federal value. 
E. D. d. c. m. 
1 6 0 0 0 
0 8 0 0 0 
1 4 9 3 3 
0 4 6 6 7 
0 110 0 
0 10 0 0 
0 0 2 2 2 
Economy of Health. 
We had forgotten our promise to give occasional 
extracts from this admirable work of Dr. Johnson, 
till reminded of it by a friend. We now proceed to 
make some extracts from the seventh septenniad— 
from forty-two to forty-nine years. 
“ Seven times seven ! Awful multiple!—This is the 
crisis of human existence; for, however we may con¬ 
ceal it from others, or even from ourselves, the decline 
of life commences with the seventh septenniad. At that 
period the tide of existence has swelled to its utmost 
volume, and its last and highest wave has left its mark 
on the craggy rock and golden sands. It is true that, 
while contemplating the ocean, for some time after the 
ebb-tide has commenced, we do not remark the subsi¬ 
dence of the waters—unless we watch the shores from 
which they recede- Then we will perceive indubitable 
proof of the turn of the tide. So it is with human life. 
For some time after the meridian of manhood, we recog¬ 
nize not the decadence of the stream—until we reluc¬ 
tantly and sorrowfully remark certain changes for the 
worse in our corporeal—perhaps also in our mental pow¬ 
ers ! There are, even in this early period of declension 
from the meridian, certain admonitory phenomena that 
cannot be wholly overlooked by the most thought¬ 
less individual. A grey hair will obtrude its unwel¬ 
come presence, and, if plucked out, will return soon, 
with half a dozen companions ! Pleasures of all kinds, 
but especially of a material nature, begin to lose some¬ 
thing of their exquisite relish, and are succeeded by 
something more than mere satiety. Bodily exertions 
begin to be, not only curtailed in their range or amount, 
but the period of recruit becomes proportionally ex¬ 
tended. Impressions on mind and body are less vivid. 
Our wine excites us less; and even the delights of con- 
vevialiaty and intellectual intercourse experience a di¬ 
minution of intensity! 
“ It is in the seventh septenniad, too, that the three 
master passions of the soul, love, ambition and ava¬ 
rice, come nearer to an equipoise than at any other 
epoch. These passions are never, indeed, exactly equi- 
potent. One is always more powerful than either of 
the other two—sometimes stronger than both together. 
Thus, in youth, love predominates—in manhood, am¬ 
bition—in age, avarice. Still it is in the seventh sep¬ 
tenniad that the antagonism of the three passions come 
nearest to an equilibrium. Ambition has, generally, 
the mastery. Love has lost much of his influence— 
and avarice, under various masks, as domestic econo¬ 
my, desire for providing for a young family, &c. &c. 
begins to pull against the other passions, with aug¬ 
menting force and confidence. Having once gained 
strength, this passion never quits the field till it over¬ 
comes, and finally extinguishes one or both of its anta¬ 
gonists. 
“It is towards the close of this septenniad, also, that 
the grand climacteric of woman takes place. Forty- 
nine is an important epoch in female life—an eventful 
crisis, which often turns the balance between weal and 
wo—between steady health and dangerous disease !— 
If woman passes this period unscathed, she stands a 
good chance of a serene and quiet descent along the 
slope of existence in the vale of years, where the last 
debt to nature is to be paid ’ But it behoves her to be 
on her guard during the whole of the seventh septen¬ 
niad, and not to allow fashionable dissipation, late 
hours, and gossamer dress, to render her grand cli¬ 
macteric the crisis of her fate.” 
