THE CULTIVATOR. 
77 
same manner as provided by law in relation to common 
schools, and his decisions thereon shall be final. 
§5. The legal voters in any two or more adjoining 
districts may in such cases as shall be approved by the 
superintendent of common schools, unite their library 
moneys and funds as they shall be received or collected, 
and purchase a joint library for the use of the inhabi¬ 
tants of such districts, which shall be selected by the 
trustees thereof, or by such person as they shall desig¬ 
nate, and shall be under the charge of a librarian to be 
appointed by them ; and the foregoing provisions of this 
act shall be applicable to the said joint libraries, except 
that the property in them shall be deemed to be vested 
in all the trustees for the time being of the districts so 
united. And in case any such district shall desire to 
divide such library, such division shall be made by the 
trustees of the two districts whose libraries are so unit¬ 
ed : and in case they cannot agree, then such division 
shall be made by three disinterested persons, to be ap¬ 
pointed by the superintendent of common schools. 
§ 6. The moneys directed to be distributed to common 
schools by the fourth section of chapter two hundred and 
thirty-seven of the acts of 1838, shall be applied to the 
purchase of books for a district library for the term of 
five years; and the said moneys shall be distributed to 
the school district in the same manner and proportions 
as the public school money, and upon the like terms and 
conditions in all respects. And if by reason of non- 
compliance with such conditions, any library money 
shall be withheld, from any school district, the same 
maybe distributed among other districts complying with 
such conditions, or may be retained and paid subse¬ 
quently to the district from which the same was with¬ 
held, as shall be directed by the superintendent of com¬ 
mon schools, according to the circumstances of the case. 
§ 7. The superintendent of common schools, when¬ 
ever requested by the trustees of a school disirict under 
the directions of the legal voters of such district, may 
select a library for their use, and cause the same to be 
delivered to the clerk of the county in which such district 
is situated, at its expense. He shall transmit a sufficient 
number of copies of this act, to supply each school dis¬ 
trict in the state, with forms and instructions for its exe¬ 
cution, to the clerks of the respective counties, who shall 
forward the number directed to each school district in 
his county to the clerk thereof. 
State of Ncw-York, Secretary’s Office .—This act hav¬ 
ing been approved and signed by the governor on the 
15th day of April, 1839, I do hereby certify that the 
same became a law on that day. 
JOHN C. SPENCER, Secretary of State. 
Insectivorous Birds. 
[From the New-England Farmer .] 
Mr.FESSENDEN.-Theseare to the farmer and gardener 
of great value. They were designed by the Creator to 
check the too great increase of insects ; and no farmer 
ought to suffer them to be wantonly destroyed on his 
premises. The number of insects destroyed by therobin, 
swallow, sparrow, mock-bird, and other small birds, is 
astonishing. One little family will destroy several hun¬ 
dreds in a single day. Some little time since, a pair of 
these small birds built a nest on a lilac, which grew close 
to one of my windows. In the time of incubation, there 
was a long and severe storm and a strong wind. The 
eggs were in danger of being thrown overboard by the 
writhing of the bush. Conscious of this, the female kept 
on the nest to prevent any accident which might follow 
on her leaving it, to collect food. Her mate, like a good 
provider, was busily engaged through the day in collect¬ 
ing food (insects) which he carried to his companion, 
and she received it of him with apparent affection. This 
circumstance excited particular attention ; and of course 
this little society was closely observed. In a short time 
the eggs hatched ; but from the roughness of the weather, 
or tenderness of the brood, the female chose not to leave 
the young. During this time, the male with surprising 
industry, brought small insects, in the larva state, to the 
nest, but was not suffered to feed the nestlings. The 
female received the food, and divided it among her little 
charge. When the young gained sufficient strength, the 
male was permitted to feed them ; and from this time, 
both parents were mutually and incessantly, (by day) 
employed in collecting small insects from every quarter ; 
and, on a moderate calculation, to the number of about 
700 in a day. 
One great cause of the increase of many insects, so 
destructive to vegetation is the decrease ot those little 
friends to the agriculturist. Should a few of them in¬ 
nocently trespass on the property of the farmer to the 
amount of a few cents, let him remember, that he is 
greatly indebted to them for services rendered ; and not 
wage a war of extermination. 
They are not merely useful in destroying insects—for 
they call the farmer and the gardener to their business- 
cause the groves to resound with music, and usher in 
the morning with melodious praise. 
R. GREEN. 
Mansfield, March 27,1838. 
Cure for Hydrophobia. 
[From the Liverpool Mercury, July 2.] 
As the hydrophobia season has set in, we comply 
with the request of a correspondent, by giving insertion 
to the following. What we happen to know of the ex¬ 
traordinary property of the chloride of lime induces us 
to put great faith in its properties in the cure of the 
wound inflicted by dogs, or any other means. 
We are indebted to M. Coster, a French physician, for 
the following valuable discovery, as a preventive to hy¬ 
drophobia. Take two table spoonfuls of fresh chloride 
of lime in powder, mix it with half a pint of water, and 
with this wash keep the wound constantly bathed, and 
frequently renewed. The chlorine gas possesses the 
power of decomposing this tremendous poison, and ren¬ 
ders mild and harmless that venom against whose re¬ 
sistless attack the artillery of medical science has been 
so long directed in vain. It is necessary to add that 
this wash should be applied as soon ns possible after 
the infliction of the bite. Another plan which has been 
extensively tried at Breslau and Zurich, and many other 
parts of the continent, consists not merely in cutting out 
the bitten part, (mere incision has been found too often 
unavailing,) but in combining with the incision some 
effectual means for keeping open the wound and main¬ 
taining it in a state of suppuration during a period of at 
least six weeks. Other curative means, as the exhibi¬ 
tion of mercury, balladonna or lyetoe, were also employ¬ 
ed in the cases; but upon these, it is thought, little reli¬ 
ance can be placed. The following are the results of 
this treatment:—From 1810 to 1824, the number of per¬ 
sons admitted into the* Breslau, was 184, of whom two 
only died of hydrophobia; from 1783 to 1824 inclusive, 
there were admitted into the hospital at Zurich 233 per¬ 
sons, bitten by different animals, (182 by dogs,) of whom 
only four died—two on the second day of admission, 
and in whom the disease had probably become develop¬ 
ed before they were submitted to the treatment, and the 
other two were bitten in parts (inside of the cheek and 
eyelid,) where the prescribed means could not be em¬ 
ployed with the requisite exactness. 
Literary Statistics. 
[From the American Almanac .] 
The number of new works which appeared in the 
United States, in 1834 and 1835, amounted to 1,013, 
forming 1,300 volumes, and the cost of which may be 
estimated at $1,220,000. In 1836, the number was con- 
sidei ably increased, and the cost of the books published 
in that year cannot be computed at less than $1,500,000. 
Boston, New-York, Philadelphia and Hartford, furnished 
19-20ths of the total amount. 
Another statement for the years 1833, 1834 and 1835, 
is as follows:—Originals 1,030, reprints854; total 1,884; 
—number of volumes printed, (1,000 for each edition,) 
1,884,000. 
In most cases the editions of one and the same work 
are larger and more frequent in the United States than 
in any other country. Many reprinted English works 
have here passed through three or four editions, while 
the publishers of the original in England have but one. 
In one instance, the sale of a book in America amount¬ 
ed to 100,000 copies, whereas in England only four edi¬ 
tions of 1,000 copies each, were disposed of. 
The amount of literary productions in America has 
more than doubled during the last ten years. The sale 
of five bookselling establishments amounted, in 1836, to 
$1,350,000. A single publisher paid, in the five years 
preceding 1834, $135,000 for copyrights, out of which 
$30,000 were for two works only. Carey, Lea & Blan¬ 
chard paid last year $30,000 to American writers; and 
Harper & Brothers have paid about the same sum for 
several years past. 
The following statement will show the relative pro¬ 
portion of native and imported literary productions, in 
1834: 
Native. Imported. 
Education,. 73 9 
Divinity,. 37 18 
Novels and Tales,. 19 95 
History and Biography,. 19 17 
Jurisprudence, .. 20 3 
Poetry,. 8 3 
Travels,. S .. .,r. 8 10 
Fine Arts,. 8 0 
Miscellaneous Works,. 59 43 
Thus it appears in American literature the scientific 
and practically useful predominate, and that works of 
imagination are chiefly derived from foreign sources. 
The school-books are almost all written or compiled in 
the United States; and some idea of the extensive busi¬ 
ness done in them may be formed from the circum¬ 
stance, that, of some of the most popular compilations 
in geography, from 100,000 to 300,000 copies have been 
sold in len years; so that, in many instances, works of 
this kind produce a permanent income, as well to the 
author as the publisher. During the last five years, 
the number of American orignal works, in proportion to 
reprints, has nearly doubled. 
The Pickman Farm. 
The famous Pickman farm, in Salem, the best in the 
county, is lined round the borders of the fields, with 
engrafted apple trees. These trees are very thrifty, 
deriving most of their nourishment from the ground 
under the walls, which keep the soil loose, warm and 
moist, and preserve the roots of the trees from external 
injury. The trees in this situation are an ornament to 
the farm, while they are no hindrance to the farmer in 
cultivating his field, nor injury to the crops, by with¬ 
drawing nourishment, like those in the interior of the 
field. Yet those trees round the field arc believed to 
yield a greater profi' than the annual crop within, with 
all the labor necessarily bestowed upon it—and the an¬ 
nual sales of the apples and fruit on this farm are said 
to be enough to purchase a farm of moderate dimen¬ 
sions in the interior of the state.— Newburyport, Mast. 
Herald. 
New Motive Power. 
The Worcestershire Chronicle says—“We have been 
favored by a correspondent with the following account 
of an invention which, if what is said of it be correct, 
promises to make some stir in the world. 
“‘Her Majesty’s letters patent have been granted to 
Mr. Byron l’Anson Bromwick, of Clifton-on-Teme, in 
this country, for an improved method of propelling all 
kinds of machinery, both stationary and locomotive.-— 
The power is of equal magnitude to that of steam; it 
can be obtained at one-sixteenth part of the cost of that 
power, without the incumbrance of a boiler and its pon¬ 
derous and objectonable appendages;—consequently 
carriages constructed almost as light and elegant as 
those now drawn by horses, can be propelled by this 
power, along the common roads or rail-ways, at any 
speed consistent with safety. As a motive power ap¬ 
plied to ships and boats, it will be invaluable, there 
being do danger from explosion, nor any annoyance 
from smoke, steam, or noise; and the space now de¬ 
voted to the boiler, fuel, &c. will be at liberty to be more 
profitably employed. The invention will be submitted 
to the ordeal of public opinion, as soon as the patent 
rights for France, Belgium and Holland have been dis¬ 
posed of.” 
Young Men’s Department. 
Self-Culture. 
BY W. E. CHANNING, D.D. 
We were so highly pleased with the perusal of the fol¬ 
lowing lecture upon Self-Culture, by the Rev. Dr. 
Channing, that we asked permission of the Executive 
Committee of the Franklin Lectures, Boston, to whom 
the copy-right belonged, to publish it in the Cultivator. 
Our readers will no doubt unite with us in the ex¬ 
pression of thanks to the committee, for their cheer¬ 
ful compliance with our request. The lecture will 
occupy a portion of two or three of our numbers. 
ADDRESS. 
My Respected Friends —By the invitation of the 
committee of arrangements for the Franklin lectures, I 
now appear before you to offer some remarks introduc¬ 
tory to this course. My principal inducement for so 
doing, is my deep interest in those of my fellow-citizens 
for whom these lectures are principally designed. I 
was informed, that they were to be attended chiefly by 
those, who are occupied by manual labor; and, hearing 
this, I did not feel myself at liberty to decline the ser¬ 
vice, to which I had been invited. I wished by com¬ 
pliance to express my sympathy with this large portion 
of my race. I wished to express my sense of obligation 
to these, from whose industry and skill I derive almost 
all the comforts of life. I wished still more to express 
my joy in the efforts they are making for their own im¬ 
provement, and my firm faith in their success. These 
motives will give a particular character and bearing to 
some of my remarks. I shall speak occasionally as 
among those who live by the labor of their hands. But 
I shall not speak as one separated from them. I belong 
rightfully to the great fiaternity of working-men. Hap¬ 
pily in this community we all are born and bred to work; 
and this honorable mark, set on us all, should bind to¬ 
gether the various portions of the community 
I have expressed my strong interest in the mass of the 
people; and this is founded, noton their usefulness to 
the community, so much as on what they are in them¬ 
selves. Their condition is indeed obscure; but their 
importance is not on this account a whit the less. The 
multitude of men cannot from the nature of the case be 
distinguished; for the very idea of distinction is, that a 
man stands out from the multitude. They make little 
noise and draw little notice in their narrow spheres of 
action; but still they have their full proportion of per¬ 
sonal worth and even of greatness. Indeed every man, 
in every condition, is great. It is only our own diseas¬ 
ed sight which makes him little. A man is great as a 
man, be he where or what he may. The grandeur of 
his nature turns to insignificance all outward distinc¬ 
tions. His powers of intellect, of conscience, of love, 
of knowing God, of perceiving the beautiful, of acting 
on his own mind, on outward nature, and on his fellow- 
creatures, these are glorious prerogatives. Through 
the vulgar error of undervaluing what is common, we 
are apt indeed to pass these by as of little worth. But 
as in the outward creation, so in the soul, the common 
is the most precious. Science and art may invent splen¬ 
did modes of illuminating the apartment of the opulent; 
but these are all poor and worthless, compared with the 
common light which the sun sends into all our windows, 
which he pours freely, impartially over hill and valley, 
which kindles daily the eastern and western sky; and 
so the common lights of reason, and conscience, and 
love are of more worth and dignity than the rare en¬ 
dowments which give celebrity to a few. Let us not 
disparage that nature which is common to all men; for 
no thought can measure its grandeur. It is the image 
of God, the image even of his infinity, for no limits can 
be set to its unfolding. He who possesses the divine 
powers of the soul is a great being, be his place what 
it may. You may clothe him with rags, may immure 
him in a dungeon, may chain him to slavish tasks. But 
he is still great. You may shut him out of your houses, 
but God opens to him heavenly mansions. He makes 
no show indeed in the streets of a splendid city ; but a 
elear thought, a pure affection^ a resolute act of a vir- 
