112 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
these objections seem worthy lil tie notice. The doctrine 
is too shocking to need refutation, that the great majo¬ 
rity of human beings, endowed as they are with ration¬ 
al and immortal powers, are placed on earth, simply to 
toil for their own animal subsistence, and to minister to 
the luxury and elevation of the few. It is monstrous, it 
approaches impiety, to suppose that God has placed in¬ 
superable barriers to the expansion of the free illimita¬ 
ble soul. True, there are obstructions in the way of 
improvement. But in this country, the chief obstruc¬ 
tions lie, not in our lot, but in ourselves, not in outward 
hardships, but in our worldly and sensual propensities: 
and one proof of this is, that a true self culture is as 
little thought of on exchange as in the workship, as lit¬ 
tle among the prosperous as among those of narrower 
conditions. The path to perfection is difficult to men in 
every lot; there is no royal road for rich or poor. But 
difficulties are meant to rouse, not discourage. The hu¬ 
man spirit is to grow strong by conflict. And how much 
has it already overcome! Uuder what burdens of op¬ 
pression has it made its way for ages. What moun¬ 
tains of difficulty has it cleared! And with all this ex¬ 
perience, shall we say, that the progress of the mass of 
men is to be despaired of, that the chains of bodily ne¬ 
cessity are too strong and ponderous to be broken by the 
mind, that servile, unimproving drudgery is the unalte¬ 
rable condition of the multitude of the human race ? 
I conclude with recalling to you the happiest feature 
of our age, and that is, the progress of the mass of the 
people in intelligence, self-respect, and all the comforts 
of life. What a contrast does the present form with 
past times! Not many ages ago, the nation was the 
property of one man, and all its interests were staked 
in perpetual games of war, for no end but to build up 
his family, or to bring new territories under his yoke. 
Society was divided into two classes, the highborn and 
the vulgar, separated from one another by a great gulf, 
as impassable as that between the saved and the lost. 
The people had no significance as individuals, but form¬ 
ed a mass, a machine, to be wielded at pleasure by their 
lords. In war which was the great sport of the times, 
those brave knights, of whose prowess we hear, cased 
themselves and their horses in armour, so as to be al¬ 
most invulnerable, whilst the common people on foot 
were left, without protection, to be hewn in pieces or 
trampled down by their betters. Who, that compares 
the condition of Europe a few ages ago, with the present 
state of the world, but must bless God for the change. 
The grand distinction of modern times is, the emerging 
of the people from brutal degradation, the gradual re¬ 
cognition of their rights, the gradual diffusion among 
them of the means of improvement and happiness, the 
creation of a new power in the state, the power of the 
people. And it is worthy remark, that this revolution 
is due in a great degree to religion, which, in the hands 
of the crafty and aspiring, had bowed the multitude to 
the dust, but which, in the fulness of time, began to 
fulfil its mission of freedom. It was religion, which, by 
teaching men their near relation to God, awakened in 
them the consciousness of their importance as individu¬ 
als. It was the struggle for religious rights, which 
opened men’s eyes to all their rights. It was resistance 
to religious usurpation, which led men to withstand po¬ 
litical oppression. It was religious discussion, which 
roused the minds of all classes to free and vigorous 
thought. It was religion, which armed the martyr and 
patriot in England against arbitrary power, which 
braced the spirits of our fathers against the perils of 
the ocean and wilderness, and sent them to found here 
the freest and most equal state on earth. 
Let us thank God for what has been gained. But let 
us not think every thing gained. Let the people feel 
that they have only started in the race. How much re¬ 
mains to be done? What a vast amount of ignorance, 
intemperance, coarseness, sensuality, may still be found 
in our community! What a vast amount of mind is 
palsied and lost! When we think, that every house 
might be cheered by intelligence, disinterestedness and 
refinement, and then remember, in how many houses 
the higher powers and affections of human nature are 
buried as in tombs, what a darkness gathers over soci¬ 
ety. And how few of us are moved by this moral deso¬ 
lation ? How few understand, that to raise the depress¬ 
ed, by a wise culture, to the dignity of men, is the high¬ 
est end of the social state ? Shame on us, that the worth 
of a fellow creature is so little felt. 
I would, that I could speak with an awakenig voice 
to the people, of their wants, their privileges, their re¬ 
sponsibilities. I would say to them, you cannot, without 
guilt and disgrace, stop where you are. The past and 
the present call on you to advance. Let what you have 
gained be an impulse to something higher. Your na¬ 
ture is too great to be crushed. You were not created 
what you are, merely to toil, eat, drink and sleep, like 
the inferior animals. If you will, you can rise. No 
power in society, no hardship in your condition can de¬ 
press you, keep you down, in knowledge, power, virtue,- 
influence, but by your own consent. Do not be lulled to 
sleep by the flatteries which you hear, as if your parti¬ 
cipation in the national sovereignty made you equal to 
the noblest of your race. You have many and great 
deficiencies to be remedied : and the remedy lies, not in 
the ballot box, not in the exercise of your political pow¬ 
ers, but in the faithful education of yourselves and your 
children. These truths you have often heard and slept 
over. Awake! Resolve earnestly on self-culture.— 
Make yourselves worthy of your free institutions, and 
strengthen and perpetuate them by your intelligence and 
your virtues. 
Culture of the Mind. 
Mind makes the man— 
Want of it the fellow. 
This motto, somewhat altered from Pope, has a pecu¬ 
liar bearing upon the agriculturist. The farmer pos¬ 
sesses all the privileges, and most of the advantages, of 
other classes of the community; and if he will improve 
his mind, his influence will be as potent, and his exam¬ 
ple as salutary, as the influence and example of any 
other profession. The richest natural soil will produce 
neither bread nor meat without culture. The highest 
natural gifts of intellect will not profit the possessor, 
unless, like the rich soil, they are cultivated with assi¬ 
duity and care. Good culture not only improves the 
mind, and fits it for high mental gratification and enjoy¬ 
ment, but it lightens the toils, and greatly increases the 
profits of labor. Franklin owed his fame, his fortune 
and his usefulness, to his early habits of study, of in¬ 
dustry, and of virtue. Without these early habits, he 
probably would have risen to neither fame nor fortune. 
Some minds, like some soils, are naturally richer than 
others; yet even apparently sterile minds, like infertile 
soils, may, by good culture, be made to yield great re¬ 
turns. Let the young farmer, then, aspire to the high¬ 
est honors of the nation, by endeavoring to improve his 
intellectual faculties; and if he does not attain the goal 
of his wishes, he may be sure of greatly improving his 
condition, and of benefitting others, provided always, 
that he is industrious and honest. However menial and 
servile agricultural labor may have been considered 
among the privileged classes of Europe; and however 
degrading it may yet be held by the would-be aristocra¬ 
cy of America, it has commanded the highest respects 
of good men in every age, and constituted, in our coun¬ 
try, the favorite study and employment of a Washing¬ 
ton, a Jefferson, a Madison, a Monroe, and a Jackson: 
of an Humphrey, a Livingston, a Shelby, an Armstrong, 
a Lowell, a Lincoln, and a great many others, whose 
names will stand out in bold relief upon the future an¬ 
nals of our country. Let, then, no young aspirant for 
fame and usefulness, shun rural employment, because it 
does not feed his hopes of distinction, and let no one, 
engaged in this employment forego the opportunity, 
which his condition presents, of cultivating his mind, 
as the surest means of sinking the fellow, and rising to 
the dignity of the man. 
(LYPrice of advertising, $1 for three insertions of ten lines or 
less. 
G reat sale of improved short-horn 
CATTLE AND BLOOD HORSES.—The subscribers 
will sell at auction, on Tuesday the 1 ()th day of September next, 
at the farm of Samuel Allen, on the Niagara river, two miles 
below Black-Rock, the entire stock of Imported Short-Horn 
Cattle, for several years past bred on the farm of L. F. Allen, 
on Grand-Island. 
The herd consists of about thirty, including Cows, Bulls, 
Heifers and Calves. Several of them have been imported 
by one of the subscribers, direct from England, and with 
their produce, are surpassed by few animals in the country. 
In addition to these, every animal offered is the direct de¬ 
scendant of thorough bred imported stock, and of unques¬ 
tionable purity of blood. 
With the above will be sold twenty select and beautiful 
animals, consisting of pure Devon; crosses of different de¬ 
grees between the Devon and Improved Short-Horns; cross¬ 
es of the Alderney and Ayreshire with the Short-Horns. 
These are Cows, Heifers and Calves, all superior animals. 
ALSO —The superb horse “BELL- 
FOUNDER,” got by imported Bellfoun- 
der, the best thorough-bred trotting horse 
ever in America, and out of the imported 
mare Lady Allport, bred by T. T. Kis- 
sam, Esq. of Long-Island. The stock of this horse is unsur¬ 
passed in the country for size, speed and action—together 
with several elegant, thorough-bred breeding mares and fillies, 
and two or three young horse colts, the produce of the above. 
These animals are of the highest character as roadsters, and 
as trotters, no blood in the country has excelled them. They 
are all from the best stables of Long-Island. Also, a beauti¬ 
ful pair of full-bred matched fillies, five years old. All these 
horses are blood bay. 
This entire stock will be sold without reserve, to the high¬ 
est bidder, commencing at 10 o'clock A. M. They can be 
shipped within an hour from the farm, on board the steam¬ 
boats to go up the Lakes, or on board canal boats at the farm. 
Catalogues of the animals, with descriptions and pedigrees, 
will be prepared, and the stock may be viewed at the farm 
previous to the sale. A credit of sixty days will be given on 
approved notes or acceptances, payable at a bank either in 
Buffalo, Albany, or New-York, for all sums over $300. 
LEWIS F. ALLEN, 
SAMUEL ALLEN. 
Black-Rock, N. Y. June 25,1839. 
The “Ohio Farmer” and “Lexington (Ky.) Intelligencer,” 
will please insert the above till first September, and send 
their bills to the subscribers for payment. ts. 
— , a EEW COPIES of the published volumes 
fjLjr iU of the “FARMER’S CABINET,” bound in 
boards, published at Philadelphia, have been received, and 
are for sale at the Cultivator office. A subscription has also 
been received for the “ BOSTON CULTIVATOR.” Sub¬ 
scriptions are also received for any and all of the agricultural 
publications published in the United States. 
We repeat the remark, that no one periodical can, or does 
contain, all that it is interesting for the farmer to know, in 
order to improve his business; and that we shall very cheer¬ 
fully lend our aid, free of charge, to furnish any gentleman, 
or association, with such agricultural periodicals as they may 
desire. Our professed object being the promotion of agricul¬ 
tural improvement, the conductors of agricultural journals are 
persuaded, that the harvest will be in proportion to the seed 
sown. August, 1839. If 
IMPROVED DURHAM SIIORT-IIORNS.—Mr, 
J- WHITAKER’S third sale of high bred improved Short- 
Horns, by the ship Napier, will be held at Powelton, near 
Philadelphia, on Friday the 20th September, 1839, at 10 o’¬ 
clock A. M. 
The subscriber is authorised by Col. Powell to say, that 
all the best cattle which he has at any time imported, and 
the improved short-horns which he considered the best in 
England, were either in Mr. Whitaker’s possession, or were 
derived from his fold. Col. Powell has not the slightest in¬ 
terest in Mr. Whitaker’s sales. Philadelphia, July 15, 1839. 
ts _ C, J. WOOLBERT, Auctioneer. 
N EW- YORK URATE AND POTDRETTE 
COMPANY, not incorporated, but carried on by indi¬ 
vidual enterprise. The manures are not divided among the 
stockholders, as are those belonging to another establishment, 
but sold to applicants for cash on delivery. Orders are sup¬ 
plied in the order of time in which they are received. Urate 
50 cents and Poudrette 40 cents per bushel, with contingent 
charges for bags or barrels, &c. 
The company are daily preparing for use, during the warm 
dry weather, the materials collected during the past winter, 
and will have several thousand bushels ready before the first 
of October next. The material is disinfected and rendered 
free from offensive smell by a compound, every part of which 
is in itself a good manure. The experience of the past and 
present year, 1838 and 1839, on Long Island, has satisfied 
many of the farmers that these manures have the quickest 
operation upon vegetable matter, producing greater abun¬ 
dance, and the cheapest of any manure they have ever tried. 
Amended instructions for their use, the result of practical 
experience, will be furnished on application. The effect of 
Poudrette upon grape vines and morus multicaulis is beyond 
all comparison. This company are erecting large and ex¬ 
tensive works in the vicinity of the city of New-York to 
prepare the manures; and farmers and gardeners may confi¬ 
dently rely on a supply. Orders, post paid, directed to ‘ ‘ The 
New-York Urate and Poudrette Company,” box number 1,- 
211, post-office, New-York, or sent to the store of STILL¬ 
WELL & DEY, number 365, Fulton-street, Brooklyn, will 
be attended to. New- York, July 17, 1839. 
The company will be very much obliged to gentlemen who 
have used the manures, to give them a statement in writing 
what has been the result of their use and experiments in re¬ 
lation to them. aug-4t. 
W ATKINS’ PATENT WHEAT FANS, GRAIN 
CRADLES, and every other variety of tool required 
for harvesting, for sale by R. SINCLAIR & Co. 
July-2t _ Baltimore, Md. 
A gricultural warehouse and seed 
STORE, 79 Barclay-street, New-York. At this old es¬ 
tablished stand, the subscribers take pleasure in announcing 
to the public, that they have made extensive arrangements to 
accommodate farmers in all articles connected with husband¬ 
ry, viz:—Agricultural implements, a full and fresh supply of 
Field and Garden Seeds, Fruit Trees, Durham Cattle, Chi¬ 
nese and Berkshire pigs, 10,000 morus multicaulis mulberry 
trees, publications on rural subjects, &c. 
Published here, the Rural Library, S. Fleet, editor; a few 
copies of 1st vol. lor sale. ‘1 he object of this work is to con¬ 
stitute a library at the least possible expense. 2d vol. com¬ 
mencing with Prof Low’s Elements of Practical Agriculture, 
with nearly 250 fine engravings; subscription $3. Subscrip¬ 
tions received for the Genesee Farmer, Cultivator, &c. 
July-3t J. W. WEAVER & Co. 79 Barclay-st. N.Y. 
F OR SALE—A splendid Farm, in the town of Hillsdale, 
Columbia county, N. Y. situated 18 miles east of the city 
of Hudson, containing about 208 acres of first rate land, about 
180 of which is fine level arable soil, of an excellent quality, 
in a good state of cultivation, and on a very publie road from 
New-York to Albany, and not surpassed by any in Colum¬ 
bia, for fertility; the remainder in fine timber; about 30 acres 
of good pine and chestnut timber. This situalion is the most 
splended in the town of Hillsdale. The farm can conveni¬ 
ently be divided in to two farms, giving an equal quantity of 
timber land to each. There is a beautiful 
grove of fruit and ornamental trees about the 
main dwelling; also three other DWEL¬ 
LING-HOUSES, three Barns, besides Hay 
Barns and Barracks, Sheds, &c. Also, out¬ 
houses of almost every description, and in first rate order. 
Also—Several lots of land in the counties of Broome and 
Tioga. Terms of payment made to suit the purchaser. In¬ 
quire of the subscriber on the premises. 
July-2t _ BARENT WAGER, Hillsdale. 
OR SALE—A Splendid Country Seat in the 
_ Highlands, on the Hudson River. That beau- 
1-^1*111 tiful country residence, known by the name of the 
BEVEKLY ESTATE, containing four hundred acres of land, 
about two hundred of which are fine level arable soil, of an 
excellent quality, in a good state of cultivation, and not sur¬ 
passed by any on the river for fertility; the remainder is fine 
and thrifty timber land. The situation is the most eligible on 
the Hudson, extending one mile and a half on the river, with 
a bold shore and convenient dock, nearly opposite West- 
Point, and within fifty miles of New-York. The prospect is 
extensive and diversified, reaching from St. Anthony’s Peak 
on the south, to the bay and city of Newburgh on the north. 
This estate can conveniently be divided into three farms, giv¬ 
ing an equal proportion of front on the river,. and of arable 
and timber land to each. Almost every enclosure is supplied 
with living springs of the purest water. There is on said es¬ 
tate a plain house, (formerly the head-quarters of Gen. Ar¬ 
nold;) also out-houses necessary to carry on the business of 
the farm. The single fact that during the whole time the 
cholera raged throughout the state, not one case occurred 
within ten miles of this place, is sufficient to prove the unri¬ 
valled salubrity of the situation. The facilities of intercourse 
with the city, that can be reached in four hours, by means of 
numerous steam-boats, are great, and daily increasing, both 
as regards pleasure, and the convenience of a near market for 
nroduce of every description. 
For conditions of sale, apply to STEPHEN A. HALSEY, 
189 Water-street, New'-York, or RICHARD D. ARDEN, on 
the adjoining farm. Ardenia, 23d April, 1839. j6t 
fpvitirrtn 11 a ——M i n ■ it i f i im — 
FROM THE STEAM PRESS OF 
PACKARD, VAN BENTHUYSEN & Co. 
