148 
THE CULTIVA10R. 
Certain in what cases the male will give the Ioccrmotive 
system, and in what cases he will give the vital system, 
we are told by Walker, that where both parents are of 
the same variety, it is impossible to predict which series 
of organs will be communicated by the male, as between 
a bull and cow, both of the Short-Horns, or both of the 
Herefords. But in cases where the parents are of dif¬ 
ferent breeds, as a Berkshire sow and China boar, both 
parents being of equal age and vigor, the male gives the 
back head with the locomotive organs, and the female 
the face and nutritive or vital organs. In individuals 
of the same family, that is, in breeding in and in, as 
between mother and son, or brother and sister, precisely 
the reverse takes place, the male then gives the face 
and vital organs, and the female the back head with 
the locomotive organs. 
I have thus briefly stated some of the more important 
laws of breeding, discovered by Walker. Of course, in 
the narrow limits of a communication, it is impossible 
either to give the facts from which the laws were de¬ 
duced, or the important practical consequences result¬ 
ing from them. These latter, however, will readily 
suggest themselves to intelligent breeders. What I 
have written is offered with a view to guide them in 
observing the laws of procreation and, in the hope that 
if these laws are found to correspond with their expe¬ 
rience, they may be induced to communicate their ob¬ 
servations for the columns of the Cultivator. 
N. N. D. 
5,512 Product from one Seed. 
Wheatland, Aug. 29, 1839. 
Mr. J. Buel —Sir—I wish to inform you and the pub¬ 
lic, through your paper, the Cultivator, the great amount 
of wheat grown from one kernel of the common bearded 
wheat, grown in this town, which is 106 stalks, average- 
ing 52 kernels to a stalk, amounting to 5,512 kernels.— 
ALLEN SAGE. 
Plans of Farm Buildings. 
Jesse Buel —Respected Friend—On looking over the 
Cultivator of August 15th, I saw a number of well ar¬ 
ranged and convenient plans of Dwelling Houses, which 
reminded me of one I drew and had published in the 
Farmer and Gardener, in the year 1835, accompanied 
by apian of a barn also ; Iherewith send the wood cuts 
of both : if found worthy of a place in thy paper, thee 
may publish them. Having lately built nearly such a 
dwelling on my nursery farm, except one wing, which 
is omitted for the present, which on a year’s trial, I find 
to make a very comfortable summer and winter house, 
by opening or shutting the folding doors between the 
two parlors. My spring being near the east end of the 
wing, and the ground falling in that direction, admitted 
of a wash-house under the kitchen, with its out door on 
a level with the ground. In this I have a large bake 
oven and boiler. This house is built in a neat, perma¬ 
nent manner, of stone, hewed granite to the water ta¬ 
ble in front and imitation granite above, with granite 
sills and portico floor, marble chimney pieces, pilaster 
casings, 8-4 doors and slate roof; cost here, where most 
stone are high, $4,101, exclusive of gates, gravel walks 
and ornamental planting, &c. I also built a barn some 
years ago, on this plan, except corn cribs, which were 
omitted, of stone. Cost $1,200, exclusive of gathering 
stone on the farm and hauling them, sand and lumber, 
with the farm hands. Respectfully, 
ROBERT SINCLAIR, Sen. 
Clairmont Nursery, near Baltimore, Md. 
To the Patrons of the Cultivator. 
Having in early life learned drawing and architecture, and 
being for several years engaged in the construction of build¬ 
ings, I have derived great advantages, subsequently, from 
the information thus acquired, in the erection of even the 
roughest building on my farm, enabling me as it did in its 
plan and arrangement, to consult economy and convenience, 
and to adapt it to the peculiar purposes for which it was re¬ 
quired, with the least possible expense, matters which, with 
a judicious agriculturist, should never be lost sight of. In¬ 
deed, according to my views, these are the chief objects to 
be consulted in the whole internal economy and management 
of a landed estate, whether regard be had to its cultivation, 
or to the improvements thereon. In saying this in favor of 
what may be considered the useful, I wish it not to be thought 
that I would reject, or that I am not a lover of, appropriate 
architectural decorations and ornaments; for of these I am a 
warm and decided admirer, and especially so where the means 
are ample, and can be spared from such things as are essen¬ 
tial to comfort. 
The approach to this building is intended to be either from 
the east, west, or north, and to terminate at the north 
door; to be protected from the northern blast by tall oak, 
hickory, or such other trees as may be native there, thinly 
scattered over the ground, which may be set in grass; and 
these to be interspersed with groups of balsam fir, or other 
evergreens, tastefully arranged for effect. Should such pro¬ 
tection not be practicable, a well cultivated orchard of fruit 
trees will answer in their stead; but the latter, as well as a 
good vegetable garden, would, probably, except in the case 
described, answer best, if placed eastwardly of the mansion, 
and the farm buildings, such as barn, stabling, &c. to the 
westward, or reversed as might be required by the site, leav¬ 
ing the south front an open lawn, unincumbered with trees, 
except here and there, at a distance, single ornamental trees, 
with a few clumps of evergreens, and on the right and left 
small groves of ornamental trees and shrubs, so arranged as 
to make the lawn in front widen as these groves extend from 
the mansion. 
Explanations of the Drawings_ Of the Mansi,on. 
A. Plan of the first story. 
B. Elevation of the north front, with study and manager’s 
house to the right and left. 
[Fig. No. 37.]—Plan B. 
C. The south front. 
No. 1, common parlor; No. 2, drawing room: No. 3, house¬ 
keeper’s or dressing room; No. 4, breakfast room: No. 5, en¬ 
trance hall: No. 6, north portico: No. 7, south portico: No. 
8, kitchen: No. 9, pantry: No. 10 & 11, office and store room 
or working shop, &e.: No. 12, passage from hall to kitchen, 
under the upper flight of stair steps, (this might if necessary 
be converted into a pantry or closet for china:) No. 13, pas- 
sage from common parlor to dressing room. 
The second story to be divided as below with the addition 
of one room oyer the hall. The garret will make four good 
rooms, by having two windows in each gable end, and two 
dormant windows on each front. 
By the arrangement of the rooms on the first floor it will be 
perceived, that, from the common parlor, with three steps 
the mistress of the family can be at the cellar door, which is 
situated under the first flight of stairs, or at the dressing room 
door, as occasion may require, and that with five steps she 
can reach the kitchen fire, a most important place, by the bye, 
for her to keep a vigilant eye over, if she be desirous of hav¬ 
ing her culinary affairs judiciously managed or her cooking 
well and economically done. 
It will be observed that the kitchen fire place is in the rear of, 
and immediately adjoining, the back of the common parlor 
fire place. With some, this location of the kitchen fire place 
may be viewed as an objection, and as rendering the ap¬ 
pearance of the building not as attractive as it would be if 
the chimney were at the extreme outer end of the kitchen, 
and with such l am ready to join in opinion. But if they 
only desire to relieve the general aspect of the building from 
what might be viewed in the light of an architectural de¬ 
formity, their object can be attained by a very simple pro¬ 
cess, and one too, of but inconsiderable expense—by merely 
carrying up chimneys from the study and servant’s rooms. 
Should this latter suggestion not be adopted, it will readily 
be conceded that the apparent defect in the beauty of the 
house is more than balanced by the superior utility, and in¬ 
creased comfort arising from the location of the kitchen fire 
place, as before premised. If the flue or funnel of the kit¬ 
chen fire place be carried up in the same stack of chimneys, 
as those of the mansion house, being of the same height, it 
will be less liable to smoke than if under the influence of the 
eddy which would be formed were it carried up indepen¬ 
dently of, and of less elevation than, those of the main build¬ 
ing, as they necessarily must be, if projected from the outer 
end of the kitchen. There are two other advantages to be 
gained by building the fire place adjoining the parlor: first, 
it will contribute largely towards warming it, and secondly, 
it _ will be more convenient for the superintendence of the 
mistress of the family, and yet the sitting parlor may be 
rendered entirely private, when necessary, by closing the 
door. 
Having thus explained (he drawings of the mansion house 
and its appendages, I shall now proceed to describe the ne¬ 
cessary farm buildings for such an estate, and particularly if 
a large quantity of hay be raised and much stock be kept. 
[Fig. No. 39.] 
No. 1. Ground plan. 
A. Carriage house. 
B. Family horse stable. 
C. C.C. Feeding passages. 
D. Cow stables with door to back the cart in for the pur¬ 
pose of hauling out manure. 
E. Stable for work horses. 
F. F. Two lathed corn cribs. 
G. A vacant space under the bridge leading into the barn, 
and between the bam and bridge abutment, which admits 
of a door into the granary between the stables and bam 
floor. 
H. A walled embankment or bridge-way into the barn. 
F.F. A covered enclosed way into the barn under which 
are two corn cribs, between which the cart passes into the 
barn. 
M. A carriage-house door. 
N. Barn door. 
P,P. Hay mows. 
R. A granary story divided into gamers. 
S. A door leading into the granary story. 
T. A door to the feed passages. 
U. A window with wide moveable slats to shut out cold, 
or let in air—several of these are necessary in the different 
stables. 
V. Step ladder. 
No. 1. A ground plan of a barn sixty feet by forty, show¬ 
ing the stalls and seats of the upright posts dividing and sup¬ 
porting the barn. 
No. 2. A section of the gable end of the barn, showing all 
the timbers and scantling. 
No. 3. The north section of the barn shewing the timbers 
and doors. 
Inasmuch as the stone abutment of the bridgeway into the 
barn has to be built eight or nine feet from the back of the 
barn, to give entrance and air to the granary story, that part 
of the bridge has to be made of wood; hence the necessity 
of projecting the eve of the roof of the barn so as to protect 
the wood workfrom wet and consequent decay; and by board¬ 
ing the outside and inside with a light frame of oaken lathe, 
one by three inches, two commodious com cribs five by 
eleven or twelve feet will be formed, to throw corn into, in 
wet weather, as it may be husked in the barn. Under this 
bridgeway and these corn-cribs, there will be a convenient 
cart-shed, provided the barn be not built on too much of a de¬ 
clivity. From three to five feet is sufficient fall from the north 
end of the bridge-way to the south front of the barn, as the 
stabling is far more healthy when not much under ground. 
The earth may be removed from the foundation to the outer 
part of the bridge-way, so that the cost of it will be trifling, 
except for the wall around it to keep up the earth. By means 
of this bridge and covered-way, we not only gain a cart shed 
and two corn-cribs, but are enabled by it to get the carts, 
when loaded with either grain or hay, up into the barn floor, 
sixteen feet above the floor above the stables, thus affording 
the facility of conveying the hay and straw, by means of a 
funnel, to be prepared for the purpose, into the feed passages 
and granary below. The hay mows being seventeen by 
thirty-seven feet, and nineteen feet high, will hold a very 
large quantity, and besides a great deal may be stowed away 
above the square in the roof, there being no collar beams to 
take up the room. About one-half of these immense stow¬ 
ing rooms being below the caving rail, which is three and 
a half feet above the barn floor, the hay may be rolled oft’ the 
cart into the mows, thus saving all the trouble and labor of 
pitching it up into the loft, as is the case in such stables and 
barns as have their floors on a level with the ground. 
On the south front a cow-yard ought to be enclosed about 
one hundred and ten feet long, and from sixty to one hun¬ 
dred feet w-ide, according to the number of young cattle to be 
wintered in it. The milch and working cattle being fed in 
the stalls renders it unnecessary for it to be large. In this 
yard there ought to be either a fountain or pump to supply 
the stock with water. And it will be necessary for the horses 
to have a separate trough and apartment in the yard, and 
there should also be a shed along the east end for the cattle 
to go under in stormy weather. - 
It will be seen, that in this barn, all the provender neces¬ 
sary for the winter’s supply, whether of hay, straw, or grain, 
can be stowed away; and that, from its great conveniences, 
all the stock may be fed during that period of the year, with¬ 
out those having charge of them being necessitated to go out 
of doors; and should the precaution be observed, of hanging 
up the gears of each horse, on hooks to be provided for that 
purpose, behindjthem, which should never be omitted; such 
as may be wanted may be harnessed without a moments’s 
delay. 
An implement-shed should, in addition to the buildings I 
have described, be erected near the stable, wdiich beside its 
real utility in the preservation of tools and implements, al¬ 
ways reflects credit upon the proprietor of an estate. 
I think it will strike the intelligent farmer and planter, that 
by thus concentrating the out-buildings on an extensive plan¬ 
tation, convenience, economy and comfort, to man and beast, 
are all eminently consulted, and that in point of beauty in ap¬ 
pearance, it very far surpasses the old plan if it may be so 
