88 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
embellishment alone; but we think there are many who 
would do more in this way than they now do, if convinc¬ 
ed there was an actual profit in such expenditures, and 
that by improving the appearance of their farms, they 
were adding to their positive value and increasing their 
own means of comfort. The man who spends a few 
days every year in planting fruit and ornamental trees, 
is adding decidedly to the permanent value of his farm, 
as well as improving its beauty. The man who spends 
a few days, and perhaps dollars, in painting or coloring 
his barns, outbuildings, and fences near his dwelling, is 
very far from throwing away his time, or losing money 
by the operation. However slovenly and unthrifty a 
man may be himself, he is always pleased with a neat 
well managed place; and were he to be a purchaser, 
would always prefer paying well for such improvements, 
rather than have them wanting. The most careless ob¬ 
server is struck with the wide difference there is be¬ 
tween two farms, on one of which all the buildings, 
gates, fences, &c., are just as they should be, all in good 
order and perfect repair; and another, where all is the 
reverse, nothing in its place, and nothing as it should be, 
and instinctively prefers the former. We do not advise 
our readers to engage in extravagant expenditures in any 
case; the times demand economy and retrenchment; but 
we should be gratified to see more attention given to ru¬ 
ral embellishment, particularly where it can be done 
with little expense, other than the time and labor of the 
farmer himself. 
Experiments abundantly prove that whitewashing, or 
otherwise coloring outbildings, fences, or woodwork of 
any kind exposed to the air, has a powerful tendency to 
preserve it from premature decay; and certainly does 
much to improve the appearance of the farm on which 
such operations are performed. Whitewash, colored at 
tlie pleasure of the farmer, laid on once in three or four 
years, is one of the best preservatives of pickett or board 
fences, yet discovered; quite as good as the ordinary oil 
painting sometimes adopted. For the benefit of those 
who are willing to make improvements of this kind, we 
give the following methods, selected from a great num¬ 
ber, as they may be depended on for good results, and 
are cheap and easy in their preparation: 
Take 2 quarts,of skimmed milk; 2 ounces of fresh 
slacked lime; 2 lbs. whiting; and the same proportions 
for any larger quantity. Put the lime into a stone ves¬ 
sel, pour upon it a sulflcient quantity of milk to make a 
mixture resembling cream; then add the remainder of 
the milk. When this is done, crumble and spread the 
whiting on the surface of the fluid, in which it will gra¬ 
dually sink. It must then be well stirred, or ground as 
any other paint. By the addition of any coloring matter, 
you may make it suit your fancy. It must be put on with 
a paint brush, and when dry, a second coat should be 
given. The quantity named is sufficient for twenty-five 
or thirty square yards. 
To make a. fine stucco whiteioash —Take clean lumps of 
well burnt stone lime, (oyster shell lime will do as well,) 
slake with hot water in some vessel to keep in the steam, 
and then sift through a fine sieve; add 5 lb. whiting, 1 
lb. sugar, 3 pints of rice flour made into a thin and well 
boiled paste, 1 lb. glue dissolved by simmering over a 
slow fire. The lime must be the basis of the wash, and 
of that mixed with water and the above materials, enough 
must be used to make a'wash of the proper consistence. 
It must be laid on with a brush, and while warm. 
Take one bushel of unslacked lime, and slack it with 
cold water; when slacked, add to it 20 lbs. of Spanish 
whiting, 17 lbs. of salt, and 12 lbs. of supr. Strain this 
mixture through a wire siev e, and it will be fit for use, 
after reducing with cold water. This is intended for the 
outside of buildings, or where it is exposed to the wea¬ 
ther. Two coats should be laid on wood, and three on 
brick. A whitewash brush may be used for laying it 
on, and each coat must be dried before the next is ap¬ 
plied. This may be made any color you please. For 
straw color, instead of the whiting, use yellow ochre; 
for lemon color, ochre and chi'ome yellow; for lead or 
slate color, lampblack; for blue, indigo; or green, 
chrome green. — 
There is one difficulty frequently attending the use of 
whitewash, and that is, it comes off in flakes, or the coats 
separate from each other, or from the wood. This is 
occasioned by its being put on too thick, which should 
be strictly guarded against. The wood is affected by the 
alkali of the lime, and the first coat should have more 
reference to this fact, than to the color. When wooden 
outbuildings, fences, &c., are protected in this way, 
their durability is greatly increased, and an air of neat¬ 
ness and comfort, worthy of the farmer’s attention, se¬ 
cured. 
BUTTER MAKING. 
The following comes to us from a lady, and we trust 
that “ some practical dairy-woman ” will furnish us with 
the information asked for, in season for our next num¬ 
ber : 
Messes. Editoes —Having taken your paper since 
January last, I have read it with interest and profit, but 
have looked in vain for that in which I most needed in¬ 
struction. Can you not induce some •practical dairy-wo¬ 
man to give, in your next number, a minute description 
of the process of making butter in the best manner? Ask 
her to bear in mind, that a young woman brought up in 
a city, may possibly never have seen milk-pan, churn, 
nor butter-ladle, and to name the kind of oan, churn, 
etc., which she has proved best. By so doing, she will 
enlighten at least one inexperienced person, and per¬ 
haps benefit The Neighboes. 
MAKING SOAP. 
It is well known to many housekeepers, that failure 
often results in the manufacture of common soap, even 
after the ley is proved to be of sufficient strength, by 
means of the common family hydrometer, the egg. This 
failure is in consequence of the solution of the potash 
(or the ley) not being- sufficiently c^wsfic,which is caused 
by its combination with carbonic acid from the air while 
it existed in the form of ashes. This may be strikingly 
shown by its powerful effervescence when subjected to 
the action of one of the stronger acids. This difficulty 
may be easily removed by the use of lime, which has a 
stronger affinity than potash for carbonic acid, and which 
consequently abstracts it from the potash, leaving the 
latter nearly pure, and consequently in a caustic stale. 
It is accomplished either by placing- unslacked lime in 
the bottom of the leach, or subsequently in the tub of 
ley. J. J. T. 
ITEMS IN DOMESTIC ECONOMY. 
Use spirits of turpentine to remove grease spots from 
clothes. It dissolves the grease, and then soap the more 
easily removes it. Grease may be removed from undyed 
woolen by a solution of pearlash. 
Lime spots on woolen clothes may be completely re¬ 
moved by strong vinegar. The vinegar effectually neu¬ 
tralizes the lime, but does not generally effect the color 
of the cloth. Dark cloth, the color of which has been 
completely destroyed in spots six inches square, has 
thus had its original color perfectly restored. 
The whiteness of ivory handled knives may be re¬ 
stored by rubbing them with fine sand paper or emery. 
The oftener carpets are shaken, the longer they last, 
as the particles of dirt and sand which collect upon them 
grind the threads. Sweeping them also -wears them. 
Dry wood will produce on a moderate estimate, twice 
as much heat as the same amount of green wood; and 
saves much trouble in kindling fires on cold mornings. 
To prevent its burning away too rapidly, the sticks 
should be large. To suppose that green wood will ac¬ 
tually cause more heat in burning than dry, is as absurd 
as to suppose a vessel of hot Avater will freeze sooner 
than a cold one. J. J. T. 
SODA FOR WASHING. 
We have been requested by a correspondent, to pub¬ 
lish the recipe for washing with sub-carbonate of soda. 
To five gallons of water, add a pint and a half of soft 
soap, and two ounces soda. Put the clothes (after soak¬ 
ing over night,) into the mixture at boiling- heat, rubbing 
the parts most soiled with soap. Boil them one hour— 
drain—rub, and rinse them in warm water; after being 
put into indigo water, they are fit for drying. Half the 
soap and more than half the labor is saved by washing in 
this manner. 
CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. 
Monthly Notices,. 
Use of Salt—The Mole—Dog Churn-Stein Krout—Cattle 1 
for the South—Use of Charcoal—Substitute for Li- > 
nen—Nature of Soils,.) 
Indian Corn—Cutting Timber—Yellow Locust and Mul- ) 
berry—The Season—Ag. Papers in New-York—The ( 
Cultivator in the Cotton Regions,.) 
N. Y. S. Ag. Society’s List of Premiums for 1843—Analy- ) 
sis of Indian Corn—Cost of Keeping Horses,. j 
Notices of New Publications—Agricultural Clubs—Mr. ) 
Colman’s Tour—Vitality of Seeds—Fat in Ani- > 
mals, &c.,. ) 
Effects of the Past Winter—Hints for May—Culture of ) 
the Potatoe—N. Y. S. Ag. Society—County Fairs,-- S 
Corn and Roots—Road Making—Dairying on the Western ) 
Reserve—Cutting Mildewed Wheat,. J 
Agricultural Premiums—The Perfect Bee Hive—Darien > 
Farmers’ Club—Leaf Hay, Coal, &c.,.J 
A Farm House—Late Plowing—Western Farming,. 
The Measuring Cross—Culture of Rice,... 
Letter from Mississippi—Columbia Pigs—Ruta Bagas— ) 
Importation of Young Denton—Tan as a Fertilizer, ( 
Cornstalk Sugar—Chemical Manures—Berkshires—Silk ) 
Culture—Yankee Oxen and Drivers,. ••••• S 
Product of 12 Cows—Threshing Machines—Major Dill’s ) 
Premium Heifer—Pork at the West—Mass. Premi-> 
um Farms—Faith and Works,...) 
Disease of Cows—Lice on Animals—Colic in the Horse— 1 
Diseases of Swine—Glauber Salts for Swune—In- > 
flammation and Film in the Eye of the Horse,) 
Culture of Asparagus—The Grape in Mississippi—Trans- 1 
planting Trees—The Peach Tree—Apples at the > 
South—Lard Lamps—Farm Embellishments, &c.,- ) 
ILLTJSTEATIONS. 
Fig. 37 —Booth’s Perfect Bee Hive,. 80 
Fig. 38 —A Farm House, by T. M. Niven,. 81 
Fig. 39—A Ground Plan of do.,. 81 
Fig. 40 —The Measuring Cross,. 82 
Fig. 41—Columbia Pig,.;. 83 
Fig. 42 —Vaughan’s Cornstalk Sugar Mill,. 84 
Fig. 43—Major Dill’s “Hebe,”. 85 
73 
74 
75 
76 
77 
78 
79 
SO 
81 
82 
83 
84 
86 
86 
87 
SILK WORM EGGS FOR SALE. 
T he subscribers are enabled to offer the growers of silk a 
very good description of Silk Worm Egg, warranted in 
perfect order, and of the Italian Yellow and White Peanut va¬ 
riety, of which they have received about 30 oz., and which will 
be sold in quantity to suit, at $3,50 per oz. of about 50,000 
eggs on paper. Also, orders received for Reels from a sample 
that’can be seen at their store, and which is on the Piedmont 
5 improved, and reels very rapidly and in the best way 
good silk ; cost, from $5 to $7,60 each. 
G. M. HAYWOOD & CO., 128 Pearl-street. 
New-York, April 23’, 1843. 
WANTS A SITUATION. 
A YOUNG MAN, lately from ScoJand, wants a situation as 
land steward, either^ on an arable or stock farm. Has 
been regularly bred to agriculture in all its different branches; 
also the rearing and feeding of live stock, as is practiced in one- 
of the best cultivated couniies in Scotland; is willing to make 
himself generally useful to his employer; can produce unques¬ 
tionable cerlii^cales as to cibilities and moral character. Let¬ 
ters addressed to K. R., office of this paper, post paid, will be 
punctually attended to. “ April 28^ 1843i. 
PERFECT HIVE. 
I NDIVIDUAL rights for constriicling and usiag the above ex¬ 
cellent hive, may be obttdned of the siibseriber, at Spring- 
field, Mass., or of his agents in other places, for $3, forwarded 
by letter, postage paid, or otherwise. A deed of right and one 
hive will be lorwai ded to order, on receipt of $ 4 , free of post¬ 
age. Mr. Nicholas A. Vedder of Schenectady will dispose of 
rights and hives for Schenectady county ; Mr. James Matthews 
of Troy for Rensselaer county, and Mr. J. C. Robinson, 67 
Market-street, Albany, for Albany coanty. A model may be 
examined at the Cultivator oriice. EDWIN BOOTH. 
Springfield, Mas.s., April 28, 1843. 
TO FARMERS. 
T he subscriber is prepared to supply Compound Guano, pre¬ 
pared from an analysis of ihat valuable manure. Also,.,' 
dry Sulphate of Soda, Siilphat® of Ammonia, &c. He has 6,0( 0 
to 10,000 fcishels of Hard Wood Charcoal, which be will sell at 
4_ eents per bushel. Estimates will be given, for any descrip¬ 
tion of Chemical Manures that may be required. Engaged in 
chemical manufacturing for thirty years, he feels conhdent of 
giving satisfaction to ti.ose who may favor him with their or¬ 
ders. All letters asking information must be post paid. 
JOHN BARLING, foot Jane-street, Greenwich. 
New-York, April 23, 1843.—6t 
CUMMINGTON SCYTHE STONES. 
T he attention of farmers and all who use whetstones 
throughout the United States, is respectfully invited to an 
article now manufactured from the celebrated “ Robbin’s 
Ledge,” by J. S. Stafford & Co., Cummington, Mass. The de¬ 
cided superiority of these stones is acknowledged by all who 
have given them a trial, and the eager demand for them from 
those sections of the country into which they have been intro¬ 
duced, is the best recommendatioa that can be given them. 
The public are requested to satisfy themselves in regard to the 
merits of the above article, by giving it a trial. For sale at 
the manufactory; also by Wood if Tolger, 219 Pearl-street; 
William H. Wight ij- Co., 100 Jobn-street, and Clark ^ Wihony 
7 Flatt-street, New-York— Humyhrey ^ Lansing, and Fan Al- 
styne ^ Son, Albany— Kelloggs S{ Co., Warren, Lesly Eartf 
Troy, N. Y., and will be furnished at the principal villages^ 
throughout the country. 
Orders addressed to FRANCIS BATES, Agent, Cummington, 
Mass., will be punctually attended to. April 11, 1843.—3t 
REPRINT or CHAMBERS’ EDINBURGH JOURNAL. 
To be published at the Albion office, 3 Barclay-streei, New-Yorh 
E xtract from the prospectus •—it has long been a 
matter of surprise, that amidst the almost countless num¬ 
ber of reprints of British works daily issuing from the Ameri¬ 
can press, the above has not formed a part of them. 
Chambers’ Journal is conducted by William and Robert 
Chambers. It is extensively circulated throughout the British 
isles, and commands commendation and respect wherever it is- 
kjttown^ 
In order to put this work within the reach of all classes of 
the public, we have determined to issue it at the very low 
price of one dollar and a half per annum ; and also to furnish 
it to agents at a discount from this price of thiriy-three and a 
third per cent. And in order to disseminate the publicatioir 
still more extensively, we have determined to give individuals 
or companies of individuals who may order five copies, the 
advantages possessed by agents, and to extend to them also the 
benefit of the discount. A remittarree of five dollars, then, 
provided it be in funds at pr in the city of New-York, or not 
more than five per cent discount, will command five annual 
copies to one address. 
The publication is weekly, contains eight pages, and is printed 
in the quarto form, with neat type and on good pfiper. Out 
edition will be an exact transcript of the Edinburgh copy. 
It is scarcely necessary to state, that the low price at which 
we offer the work, will oblige us to adhere to the cash system, 
without any deviation whatever. 
Agents will please to send their orders forward as early as 
possible. We shall reprint from the first number of the present 
year, so as to make the volume complete. 
WILLIAM LACY, Agent, Daily Adv. office, Albany. 
TOWNLEY’S PATENT PREMIUM BEEHIVES. 
I NDIVIDUAL rights for constructing and using the above hives, 
may be obtained for five dollars cash, by addressing the sub¬ 
scriber. All letters to be post paid. 
Also for sale, a Treatise on the Cultivation and Management 
of Honey Bees, by the subscriber, 75 Thompson st., New-York. 
Fe6. 7^843. EDWARD TOWNLEY. 
AGENTS FOR THE CULTIVATOR, 
IN THE PKINCIPAL CITIES. 
Bosfon—Eben. Wight, Druggist, 46 Milk st. 
Hovey & Co. Seedsmen, 7 Merchant’s Row. 
Providence—k. H. Stilwell, Bookseller 
Hartford—E. W. Bull, Druggist, 
New-Hareu—George Sherman. ^ ^ 
Netc-YorA;—Dayton & Newman, Booksellers, 199 Broadway 
Vtica—Wm. Bristol, Druggist. 
Roc/iesfer—Samuel Hamilton, 8 Buffalo st. 
Lansingburgh, N. Y. —A. 
Philadelphia—E. Landreth & D. L. Munns,.Seed>men 
Pittsburgh—K. G. Berford, 85 Fourth st 
Lancaster, Pa. —J. Gish. 
Baltimore —Dr. G. B. Smith. __n._ 
"'“•'“'■o'- “‘C-f 
Richmond —R- 
Alexandria, !>■ & Entwisle, 
Charleston-E. M. Landreth, Seedsman 
St. Louis—E. R- 
Augusta, Geo.—C. A. Grenville. 
a!'C reighton & Co. Periodical Agents. 
loaisviBe—James GeorgeAg. Warehouse, 4th st 
Montreal, L. C.—Benj. Brewster. „ , „ 
Toronto, V. C. —Eastwood & Skinner, Booksellers. 
Balifax, N. S.-C. H. Belcher, Bookseller. 
St Andrews, N. B. — G. F. Campbell, Esq. P. M. 
si. Johns, N. B.—T. H. Wentworth, Esq. 
Erie, Pa.—T. Moorhead, Jr. 
Quebec—J. Wheatley. 
