136 
THE CULTIVATOR 
would not only extend this article to a great length, but 
would be out of place, and I will conclude this exposi¬ 
tion by saying that a similar effect was produced in the 
yield of the crop, upon two rows of potatoes treated in 
like manner. 
Having laid by (to use a common phrase,) a young 
peach orchard of over 600 trees, I may in due course of 
time have to recur to this subject again. With much re¬ 
spect, your friend. Lyttleton Physick. 
Ararat Farm, Md., June 28, 1843. 
OATLAND VILLA, LONG ISLAND. 
Messrs. Gaylord & Tucker— I take the liberty of 
forwarding the following garden memoranda for in¬ 
sertion in the Cultivator. It may be interesting to a 
few, particularly to the lovers of horticulture, to hear 
how extensively gardening is carried on in the estab¬ 
lishment of D. F. Maxice, Esq., Oatland, Long Island. 
It is not surprising that gardening should be a favorite 
pursuit in this country, when we consider the climate is 
so favorable to the growth and maturity of tropical 
plants and fruits. It not only absorbs the attention of 
the wealthy and great, but it is admired in all its stages 
by the man of good sense. 
Oatland Villa, the country seat of the above named 
gentleman, is situate on Long Island, 16 miles south¬ 
east of New-York, and 4 miles east of Jamaica, the 
latter being the nearest railroad station. The structure 
of the dwelling is Gothic, a design taken from the 
French old style. West end of the latter, is a conser¬ 
vatory-for the protection of plants requiring a moderate 
temperature, such as azaleas, camelias, pelargoniums, 
pemelias, and calceolaries, of which there ai-e rare 
varieties, selected from the most extensive collections 
in this country. Adjoining is an exotic conservatory 
on an approved plan, for the culture of tropical plants, 
requiring a higher temperature. Of the latter, there is 
a superb collection, from the lofty palms to the pros¬ 
trate mosses: many of them are curiosities, such as the 
orchidte, air plants clinging themselves to the bark of 
trees, putting forth their numerous succulent roots into 
the humid atmosphere, from which they take sufficient 
support to produce flowers abundantly, not more curious 
than beautiful. At the west end of the exotic, is a flower 
garden, laid out in geometrical figures, edged with box. 
The figures are so arranged as to form corresponding 
angles. The beds or figures are planted with annuals, 
perennials and herbaceous plants of dwarf growth. The 
color of the flowers was an object of importance when 
planting, so as to have the more delicate ones relieved 
by those of deeper hues. The principal borders in the 
flower garden are well furnished with standard and 
dwarf roses. Chinas, Bourbons, Teas, Noisettes and 
Mosses; the latter not more attractive than four sided 
rose pillars, covered with the best sorts most suitable 
for them, on each side a different variety. The latter 
is something novel to see when in flower. 
Adjoining the flower garden are the pleasure grounds, 
laid out in Gothic style, a design of which has been 
taken from his grace the Duke of Devonshire’s gardens, 
Chatsworth, Derbyshire. From the latter, a serpentine 
walk leads to the grapery, fruit and vegetable depart¬ 
ments. The former is a range of glass, two hundred and 
ten feet long by twelve in breadth, divided by glass par¬ 
titions into four compartments, suitable for early and 
late forcing. It is well furnished with grape vines, and 
peach, nectarine, fig and apricot trees are all in the 
highest state of cultivation. At the east end of the 
grapery is a pear and apple orchard, which are worked 
on dwarf stocks, intended for pyramid training. The 
latter mode modifies the form of the tree, and also fa¬ 
cilitates the produce of fruit. Adjoining the latter, is 
a mushroom house, melonry and framing ground for 
forcing culinary vegetables at seasons when they cannot 
be obtained in the markets. 
For fear these notes will take up too much space in 
the columns of your valuable paper, I will omit the 
vineyard, peach, plum and other orchards. The horti¬ 
culturist and amateur gardener will find a rich treat in 
viewing Mr. Manice’s establishment. Gardening is to 
be seen here in all stages, as extensive as in any estab¬ 
lishment in Europe, with very few exceptions. 
A Lover of Science. 
POUDRETTE FOR FALL OR WINTER CROPS. 
The following was received after the space allotted 
to communications was filled. We give it a place here, 
that those who choose to make a trial of poudrette may 
have the benefit of the writer’s suggestions in season 
for application at the approaching seeding: 
Messrs. Gaylord & Tucker —The question has been 
often asked, is poudrette a good manure for winter wheat 
and, rye? and you will oblige me by inserting the fol¬ 
lowing extracts from letters and statements in relation 
to its use on winter wheat and grass. 
Mr. Edward Condict of Morristown, New-Jersey, 
says, that “ Early in October last, (1841,) on about one- 
fourth part of a field, after the wheat was sown, about 
twenty bushels of poudrette to the acre were sown broad 
cast; and the result is, that on harvesting, that part 
where the poudrette was put is much the heaviest grain, 
and but very little injured with rust or mildew, while 
the other part of the field is considerably injured.” 
Mr. W. W. Mills of Smithtown, L. I. says, that 
« Where poudrette was used, the wheat came in well, 
and the beriy was fair; but where bone was used, about 
the same cost to the acre, in the same field, it was win¬ 
ter killed and very much shrunk, and the produce was 
only about one-half the number of bushels to the 
acre.” 
Mr. Samuel Fleet of Hastings, Westchester county, 
says that he “finds it efficient, if applied when seeding 
down. The seed took much better in the same field 
where poudrette was used at seeding, than where other 
manures were used—the whole being put dowm at the 
same time.” 
Mr. Lemuel Soper of Huntington, L. I., says:—“I 
used poudrette on wheat, at the rate of forty, 60 and 
seventy bushels to the acre; I got as good wheat from 
forty bushels of poudrette as from forty waggon loads of 
barnyard manure, and equally as good as where I used 
sixty or seventy bushels of poudrette to the acre”—thus 
showing conclusively that it is not profitable to use it in 
too large quantities. 
Professor Johnston says, that Hermbdadt sowed equal 
quantities of the same wheat on equal plots of the same 
ground, and manured them with equal weights of dif¬ 
ferent manures; and from one hundred parts of each 
sample of grain produced, he obtained the following re¬ 
sults, viz; 
With no manure, he got 3 times the seed, con¬ 
taining gluten, 9-02—starch, 66-07 
cow dung, 
pigeons’ 
Horse 
n 
H 
‘I 
Dried night soil, 
“ Dried ox blood, 
“ human urine, 
7 
9 
10 
14 
14 
12 
(1 
(( 
(( 
(I 
(( 
(> 
12-00 
12-02 
13-07 
33- 14 
34- 24 
35- 01 
u 
tt 
tt 
It 
I 
li 
62- 03 
63- 09 
61-64 
41-44 
41-03 
39-03 
“ The manures employed by Hermbstadt,” says John¬ 
ston, “are supposed, during fermentation, to evolve 
more ammonia in the order in which they are placed, 
beginning at the top of the list; while the amount and 
kind of the produce obtained by the use of each, afford 
the chief evidence in favor of the opinion that this am¬ 
monia actually enters into and yields nitrogen to the 
plant.” 
By this statement, it will be perceived that in quan¬ 
tity and richness, the amount of gluten contained in the 
wheat, the produce of “ dried night soil,’’ or poudrette, 
was very much greater th.an from any other kind used 
except blood and urine; and it should be borne in mind 
that the poudrette prepared by the “ New-York Pou¬ 
drette Company ” includes the urine, and may be ob¬ 
tained for this fall's use, at lower rates than it has been 
before sold, viz: seven barrels for ten dollars, on appli¬ 
cation to D. K. Minor, 23 Chambers-st. 
New-York, July 20, 1843. 
Lard Oil.— It appears from a notice in the Prairie 
Farmer, that there were five manufactories of lard oil in 
operation in Chicago during the last winter, in one of 
which about 2,000 gallons were made from 25,000 lbs. 
lard. But little of the stearine was made into candles, 
the proprietors preferring to keep it on hand a year be¬ 
fore converting it into candles, as it improves by age. 
Sound Advice. —We extract the following from an 
excellent address, by Judge O’Neal, to the S. Carolina 
State Ag. Society :—“ There is one remedy, and only one, 
for the state of things resulting from the low price of 
cotton; it consists of econom}' at home and abroad. If 
we could bring ourselves down to the standard which the 
present price of cotton presents, all would soon be well. 
Buy neither pork, mules nor horses. Let these be the 
product of the farm, and one branch of our present diffi¬ 
culties will be cut off. Carry this spirit of retrenchment 
into the household, and let home furnish all the usual 
supplies of clothing for the laborers, and hard times will 
begin to be good times. Real independence, that which 
is above want, will occupy every farm.” 
CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. 
Convention of Breeders—State Cattle Show and Fair— 1 
Monthy Notices—Effect of Plaster in hastening the Ma- > 121 
turity of Plants,.) 
Hofwyl Agricultural School—A Virginia Farm—Summer ) 
Fallows—Sowing Wheat,. J 
Sorrel, Oxalic Acid, and Lime as an Antidote—The White 5 
Daisy—Great Crops of Indian Corn—The Wheat Worm, ) 
Agricultural Survey of the State—Notices of New Works, ) 
&c.—Foreign Intelligence—Letter from Mr. Colman,--- J 
Count De Gourcy’s Agricultural Tour—Multicole Kye,- 125 
Trip to Syracuse, &c.—Proceedings of the Ex. Com. of the ) , „ 
N. Y. S. Ag. Society at Rochester,. j 
Dictionary of Agricultural Terms—Transactions of the ) 
N. Y. S. Ag. Society—Salt as a Remedy for the Cut > 127 
Worm—Spoken For,. ) 
Comments on the November No. of the Cultivator—Dog ) .^o 
Power Churn,. > 
Culture of Cotton—Improved Bee Hive—Management of ) 
Dairy Cows, &c,•••• -. ) 
Culture of Mangel Wurzel-Indian Corn sown Broadcast 1 
for Fodder—Best Method of Feeding Swine—Earn fot> 130 
Dairy Cows, &c.. ) 
Canada Thistles—Abortion in Cows—Wheat Crop of West- ) .gj 
ern New-York—Raising Turkies,. S 
Letter to Solon Robinson—Manures—Indian Corn,. 132 
Barnaby & Mooer’s Side Hill Plow—Sowing Clover in Au- 1 
turan—Sheep Racks—Fork in the Stomach of a Cow— > 133 
Experiment Wheat—Knitting Loom, &c. . .) 
Age of Animals—Gapes in Chickens—Lameness in the ) 
Horse—To Wash Woolen Goods—Marking Ink,. . ) 
Culture of Flowers—New Enemy of the Apple Tree—Ma- > jgg 
nagement of Fruit Trees,.S 
Oatland Villa, Long Island—Poudrette for Fall or Win- ) ^gg 
ter Crops, &c.. J 
illustrations. 
Fig. 68—A Dog Power Churn,... 128 
Fig. 69, 60—An Improved Bee Hive,.. 129 
Fig. 61, 62—A Sheep Barn,. 133 
Fig. 63—Teeth of the Horse,. 134 
JUST PUBLISHED—PRICE 3^,| CENTS. 
L ectures on the Applications of Chemistry and Geology to 
Agriculture, by Jas. F. W. Johnston, M. A., F. R. S. &c. 
Part III. On Manures—their nature, composition, and mode of 
action, and their best application to improve the soil. For sale 
by p. K. MINOR, 23 Chambers st., corner Centre st., New-York, 
also at the office of “ 'I'he Cultivator," Albany, and by Booksel¬ 
lers and News Agents generally. Price 31cents. 
Parts I. and II., reprinted from the author’s second edition, 
will be ready early in August. Part IV. wili be published with¬ 
in one week after its receipt from London. 
NOTICES OF THE WORK. 
“ The most complete account of Agricultural Chemistry we 
possess .”—Royal jg. Journal. 
“ Nothing hitherto published has at all equaled it, both as 
regards true science and sound common sense .”—Quarterly 
Journal of Agriculture. 
■‘By their easy style are likely to prove interesting to the 
least instructed.***'*When finished, this book will form the on¬ 
ly complete treatise on the whole subject to be found in any 
language.”.— Blackwood’s Magazine. Aug. 1.—3t. 
POUDRETTE. 
C HEAPER STILL—Seven barrels for $10, and eleven barrels 
for $15, for this fall’s use on Wheat and Rye—in order to 
show its great value for those crops. Orders whll be executed 
immediately on receipt of letter, or personal application with 
the money, to . D. K. MINOR, 
Aug. 1, 1843.—3t. __^ Chambers st., New-l fork. 
VALUABLE FARM FOR SALE. 
T he valuable and highly cultivated farm now occupied by 
Mr. Earl Stimson, in the town of Galway, Saratog.a county, 
containing about 325 acres, will be sold at public auction, by 
virtue of a decree of the Court of Chancery, at the Court House 
in the village of Ballston Spa, on Saturday, the ninth day of 
September next, at twelve o’clock at noon. This farm is so 
■well known to agriculturists, that it is unnecessary to describe 
it more particularly. The property is so situated that it will 
make three good farms, ard will be sold together, or in parcels, 
to suit purchasers. The sale will be absolute to the highest 
bidder, on the ninth of September, and a laige portion of the 
purchase money may remain on mortgage if desired. For fur¬ 
ther particulars apply to Samuel VV. Jones, Esq. Schenectady, 
or to the subscriber, No. 75 Nassau street, New-York. 
July 19, 1843.—2t.J. OAKLEY. 
AGRICULTURAL AND SEED STORE. 
WHOLESALE AND RETAIL. 
G ibson &. RITCHIE, sn Broad st., Newark, N. J., would 
call the attention of Seedsmen and Agriculturists to tlieir 
extensive assortment of Garden, Field and Flower Seeds, which 
they can supply at the lowest price, and will warrant of the 
best quality. 
They have also always on hand a stock of Agricultural Im¬ 
plements, as Fanning Mills, Corn Shellers, Straw Cutters, &;c. 
of the newest and most approved constructions, and would di¬ 
rect the attention of manufacturers to their establishment, 
which is the only one of the kind in this state, and is most ad. 
vantageously situated. Satisfactory references, will be given, 
if required, to any one having any Agricultural Implements 
wffiich they wish to place for sale on commission. Cast Iron 
Pumps of a superior construction. Aug. 1. 
SHORT HORN DURHAMS. 
n^HREE or four Durham Heifers, one and two years old, and 
JL three young Bulls, from 10 to 13months old, are ofl'eredfor 
sale by the subscriber. Some of these young animals are otit 
of his imported Bull Duke of Wellingion, bred by Thomas Bates, 
Esq., Kirkleavington, England. The stock of VVellington will 
carry its own recommendation. The two year old Heifers are, 
and will be in calf, by VVellington or his son Meteor, out of his 
imported Heifer Dutchess, which latter animal was also bred 
by Mr. Bates, and out of his Prize Bull Duke of Northumber¬ 
land. Inquire of A Clockie, on the farm, or of the subscriber, 
at his residence in Troy. GEO. VAIL. 
Troy, July 1, 1843—2t. 
SALE OF DURHAM SHORT HORN CATTLE AND 
SOUTH DOWN SHEEP. 
T he subscriber, desirous of reducing his stock, will offer for 
sale, at auction, on Wednesday, the 15th of September next, 
at 10 o’clock, A. M. at Three Hills Farm, 3j miles wesi of the 
city of Albany, on the Cherry Valley road, 26head of cattle, con¬ 
sisting of bulls, cows, heifers and calves, and between 70 and 
80 head of South Down sheep, consisting of bucks, breeding 
ewes, yearlings and lambs, bred from the stock imported by 
Mr. Hawes in 1832, and from bucks imported since. 
Messrs. Corning & Sotham, will also offer at the same time 
and place, some of their celebrated HEREFORD BULLS, of dif¬ 
ferent ages. C. N. BEMENT. 
Three Hillx Farm, Albany, June 1, 1843.4t. • 
TO FARMERS. 
T he subscriber is prepared to supply Compound Guano, pre¬ 
pared from an analysis of that valuable manure. Also, 
dry Sulphate of Soda, Sulphate of Ammonia, &c. He has 5,000 
to 10,000 bushels of Hard Wood Charcoal, which he will sell at 
4 cents per bushel. Estimates will be given for any descrip¬ 
tion of Chemical Manures that may be required. Engaged in 
chemical manufacturing for thirty years, he feels confident of 
giving satisfaction to tl.ose w'ho may favor him with their oi-, 
ders. AU letters asking information must be post paid. 
JOHN BARLING, foot Jane-street, Greenwich. 
New-York, April 28, 1843.—6t 
TRIMBLE’S IMPROVED HORSE POWER AND 
THRESHING MACHINE. 
T he subscriber offers for sale Trimble’s Horse Power and 
Threshing Machines, which are equal to any in use. They 
can be used either with one or two horses, and can thresh 16 
bushels of wheat per hour, with ease. 
Price of Horse Power,. $55 
“ Threshing Machine,. 2S 
B. M FEEEPORN, 
July 1—2i. Agricultural Repository, 183 Front st., N. Y 
’ARREN’S NEWLY INVENTED HORSE POWER 
AND THRESHING MACHINE. 
^.HE prices of these highly valuable machines, are as follows, 
)r rf’wo Horse Power and Threshing Machine, together, $75 
“ One “ “ “ “ •' 60 
“ Two Horse Power Machine, alone, . 60 
<< One “ “ *■ “ .- 40 
Payment to be made in this city, on delivery of Machines, 
inds not furnished except by particular order—price $4 each, 
rders, post paid, executed promptly. 
L. Bostwick, 1 L. BOSTWICK & CO. 
J, Plant, > 58 Water st. 
W. T. Cole. ) . - 
New-York June IT, 1843 jytf. 
FROM THE STEAM TRESS OF C. VAN BENTHUYSEN & CO* 
