152 
THE CULTIVATOR. 
coarse pepper, a small table spoonful of broth or water, 
and a dash of vinegar. Let the onions gently simmer for 
a quarter of an hour, place them on the potatoes, and 
keep them hot till served. 
BLACKBERRY SYRUP. 
The following directions for preparing this article, 
pleasant for the taste, and the best remedy for the sum¬ 
mer complaint among children, we find in the Maine 
Cultivator. To 2 quarts of the juice of blackberries, add 
one lb. of loaf sugar, half an ounce of nutmeg, half an 
ounce of cinnamon, pulyerized. To this add half an 
ounce of cloves, and quarter of an ounce of allspice, pul¬ 
verized. Boil all together for a short time, and when 
cold, add a pint of proof brandy. Bottle carefully, and 
keep in a cool place for use. 
TOMATO KETCHUP. 
Bake your tomatoes, ripe and peeled, in a brown 
earthen pan, in a eool oven; then press out the juice and 
pulp through a sieve. Next to each quart of juice and 
pulp add ^ lb. of salt, 2 oz. of shallots (or onions,) 1 oz. 
of ground black pepper, quarter of an ounce mace; the 
same weight of allspice, ginger and nutmeg. Pound the 
spices together and boil them with the tomato pulp half 
an hour; then pass the mixture throuph a sieve, and 
when cold bottle it. This will keep good for years. 
TOMATO SAUCE. 
Take ripe tomatoes, cut them in two, press out the 
pulp and separate the seeds; then put them into a skillet 
with some savory sauee and a little salt. When of the 
thickness of pea soup, rub it through a coarse elolh, boil 
it to the consistence of marmalade, put it into jars, and in 
a tlay after pour over it lard or butter, and tie down with 
oiled paper. 
FACTS AND OPINIONS. 
Abstracted from Books and Journals for the Cultivator. 
Average Crops in South Carolina. —The follow¬ 
ing statement is given in a report of the W'^ateree Ag. 
Society, (S. C.) published in ‘' The Planter” of August 
9. Surely no better evidence need be required of the 
necessity for an improved system of agriculture:— 
“ High land improved, will average from four to five 
hundred pounds of cotton in the seed; in corn, about 
ten bushels; from seventy-five to one hundred bushels 
sweet potatoes; seven to eight bushels of oats; five or 
six bushels of rye; peas in corn, two bushels. The 
swamp lands, unimproved, will average, when not de- 
s'royed by water, 700 lbs. seed cotton to the acre, and 
about twenty bushels of corn, (if changed from cotton 
to corn;) oats, fifteen or twenty bushels; rye, ten to 
fifteen bushels; peas in corn, two to four bushels; but 
are not good for sweet potatoes.” 
Corn in South Carolina.— A correspondent of the 
Charleston Mei-cury says that Mr. B. R. Smith, near that 
city, last year succeeded in raising 67 bushels and 18 
quarts of Indian corn to the acre, and that it is believed 
by good judge# that his crop this year will not fall far 
short of 100 bushels per acre. ‘‘ The land on which the 
present crop is planted was originally poor and much 
exhausted by injudicious cultivation. It was thoroughly- 
plowed, and manured with stable manure in proportion 
of 60 single cart loads to the acre. The corn was soak¬ 
ed in saltpetre, rolled in gypsum, and planted on a flat 
surface in double rows, the stems 18 inches apart, in 
rows of four feet. Very little use was subsequently 
made of the hoe; the cultivator was run through it a 
few times. The luxuriance of the growth kept down 
the grass, and rendered all farther culture unneces¬ 
sary.” 
Consumption of Food in London. —The editor of 
the Albany Evening Journal, now abroad, in a recent 
letter from London, says:—“ I was wondering this 
morning how much ‘ provant ’ was required to furnish 
Ihis army of people with rations. An inquiry shows 
that 12,000,000 bushels of wheat are required annually 
to supply London with bread; that 120,000 tons of fish 
are cauglit here annually; the annual consumption of 
butter is estimated at 40,000,00.0 lbs., and the price va¬ 
ries from 25 to 37^ cents. Of meats I can get no esti¬ 
mate, but there is brought annually to Smithfleld Mar¬ 
ket alone, 180,000 oxen, 450,000 hogs or pigs, 1,350,000 
sheep or lambs, and 25,000 calves. Of milk, it is said 
that 11,000 cows supply the metropolis with 8,030,000 
gallons annually, at an average price of Is. lOd. per 8 
quarts, (about 5 cents per quart.) 
Improvement of Sandy Lands.— The Hon. Wm. 
Clark of Northampton, Mass., as we learn from the N. 
E. Farmer, has “ several hundred acres of light lands, 
which he has undertaken to improve, mostly by the turn¬ 
ing in of clover. His first growth is usually small, but 
the second, which comes from the seed of the first, is 
usually very much better. Some of the lands after a 
growth of clover has been grown upon (hem, and plowed 
in, are put to corn, but the larger portion are sowed to 
winter rye. Mr. C. stated that he sowed last summer 
and autumn, from 150 to 175 bushels of rye. Some of 
his fields of this grain looked very well, but others will 
not yield very large crops. Mr. C. does not expect large 
crops at present. His object is to make these lands pay 
for the annual expenditure upon them, and at the same 
time keep them in a process of regular improvement. If 
a few years shall show that he can do this—and we think 
he will doit—then his method will be highly valuable 
to hundreds and thousands of farmers who are doomed to 
work in sand and gravel.” 
Good Cows.—Mr. E. D. Allen, of Le Ray, Jefferson 
CO., N. Y., made, in the months of May and June, from 
his dairy of ten cows, eight tubs of butter, weighing 
eight hundred and seventy-two pounds, (nett weight,) 
being a fraction short of forty-four pounds per month 
per cow on an average. The Jefierson dairies are not 
likely to lose their high credit this year, if Mr. Allen’s 
may be taken as a sample. 
Smut. —Mr. Greene, in the Southern Planter, states 
that intending to sow a small quantity of wheat as an 
experiment, he soaked it in brine for twenty-four hours, 
but being called away, he found on his retux-n that his 
man had commenced sowing without liming, as intend¬ 
ed. He was stopped, and the remainder rolled in dry, 
air slacked lime. Of the wheat from seed not limed, 
nearly a fourth of the heads were smut; of the remain¬ 
der, not a head. 
Bommer’s Manure.— Mr. Greene, before seeing Mr. 
Bommer’s statement in the Cultivator, had purchased, 
and applied that method to the prepai-ation of tan bai-k, 
and he has no doubt (he compost will be excellent. He 
thinks the method excellent for converting weeds, straw', 
coi-nstalks, &c. into manure, but advises the operator to 
commence where he can have convenient access to 
vlrater, as considerable quantities will be required in the 
preparation. 
Worthy of Notice. —“ In woman we find that any 
thing which tends to annoy her, to iiTitate feelings, or 
produce an exhibition of anger, occasions at the same 
time a paidial destruction of the valuable constituents of 
her milk. We have it in our power to observe these 
effects in woman, with more accuracy than in the lower 
animals, though doubtless similar feelings will produce 
in both the same change in the composition of the milk. 
The milk of a woman who has experienced a violent 
and sudden fit of anger, is found to be quite sour; hence 
it is requisite that wet nurses should be kept in a state 
of perfect tranquility, both in mind and in body. 
“ For a similar reason it is necessary in dairy farming 
to use every means to insure the tranquility of our milch 
cows. Harsh treatment exerts a very injurious action on 
the natui-e of the milk, both from mental and physical 
causes. Dairymen are well aware of the evil results 
which follow, if cows be hari-assed either by dogs or 
harsh keepers.”— [Playfair's application of Physiology. 
CONTENTS OF THIS NUMBER. 
Cultivator Almanac—Monthly Notices,. 
Fair of the Royal Ag. Society—Mr. Colman's Speech— j 
Wheat in France—British Corn Market—Ag. Institute, < 
Culture of Cotton and Corn—Cattle in Mississippi— 1 
Breeders’ Convention—Farmers’ Clubs—Successive 5 
Crops of Wheat—Wool Growing,.. : 
Use of Salt—Wild Cherry—Greenstone Lands of Vir- j 
ginia—Clover Seed—New Work on Fruits—Notice of 
New Publications,. , 
Cattle Show at Rochester—Farming in Maryland—Ag. j 
Fairs this year—Abortion in Cows—The Season,Crops, j 
&c.- 
Mr. Gaylord’s Prize Essay on Manures,. 
Early American Agricultural Works,. 
Paular Merino Sheep—Acid in Soils—Laboring Man’s 
Cottage—Improvement of Sandy Lands—The Crops, 
&c. on Staten Island,. 
Chimney Caps and Ventilators-The Silk Business,. 
Scraps and Patches—Crushing Corn—Breaking Heifers— 
Corn Stalks,.-.. 
On Dairy Cows and Cheese Making,... 
Platt’s Portable Mill—Remarks on Breeding,. 
Improvement of Domestic Stock—Duiham Bull, Osceola 
—Sheep on the Prairies,-.. .. 
Six Reasons for Planting an Orchard—Description of 
Five Valuable Cherries—Select List of Apples,. 
Ashes for Peach Trees-Smoking Orchards—Use of Soap 
Suds—Third Crop Apples—Lice on Cabbage—Plum 
Curculio—Mildew on Gooseberries—Strawberries— 
Experiments on Butter Making—Butter Table—Cure 
for Salivation—French Savory Sauce—French Mode of 
Cooking Potatoes,. 
137 
13S 
139 
140 
141 
142 
143 
144 
145 
146 
147 
14d 
149 
150 
151 
ILLUSTRATIONS. 
Fig. 64 —67—Plans of Laboring Man’s Cottage, •• 
Fig. 68—Chimney Caps and Ventilators,. 
Fig. 69—Portable Mill for Grinding Grain, Ac.,-- 
Fig. 70—Mr. Crosby’s Durham Bull, “Osceola,” 
Fig. 71— 75 —Figures of Five Cherries,. 
144 
145 
148 
149 
150 
AGRICULTURAL INSTITUTE, BRIDGEPORT, CT. 
T he rev. B. G. noble intends to commence an Agricul¬ 
tural Institute on his farm in the town of Bridgeport, on 
the first Wednesday of October. The system of education will 
be adapted to the wants of youth designed for the pursuits oi 
agriculture. It will include the natural sciences, in their con¬ 
nection with agriculture, and all the higher branches of an 
English education. , ^ , 
The winter term will commence on the first Wednesday of 
October, and the summer term on the first Wednesday of May, 
and will each continue 22 weeks. 
Expenses for board, tuition, washing and fuel, for a term, 
$80. Payments quarterly, or for the term, m advance. If not 
provided by the pupil, there will be a small charge for bed and 
bedding. , , , . 
Only ten pupils can at present be accommodated. Applica¬ 
tion to be made to Rev. B. G. Noble, Bridgeport, Conn. 
Bridgeport, Au gust 15, 1843.—2t. __ 
^ TO INVENTORS AND OTHERS. 
D rawings, specifications, and other papers requisite for 
procuring Patents, prepared by the subscribers upon mode¬ 
rate terms, and transmitted to Washington, free of expense. 
Mechanical, Architectural, and other drawings, calculations 
for machinery, maps, &c., also made upon the most reasonable 
terms bv A. &. W. S. ELLISON, Civil Engineers and 
’ Draftsmen, Nos. 13 & 16 Douw’s Buildings. 
SURVEYING.—A. & W. S. E. still continue to make surveys 
of Farms, Water Powers, &c. 
Albany, Sept-1, 1343. tf. 
PLATT’S PATENT PREMIUM PORTABLE MILL 
For Grinding all kinds of Grain, Spices, Drugs, Paints, 4 c. 
T he subscribers have been recently appointed general agents 
for the sale of the above most valuable mills in the slate 
of New-York ; also for the sale of patent rights in the patent. 
Price of 12 inch machine, $40; of 15 inch, $60; of 18 inch, 
$100; of 24 inch, $110, payment to be made on deliveiy. 
All orders—post paid, if by letter—will be punctually at¬ 
tended to. Samples of the mill may be seen at their office. 
3t. L. BOSTWICK & CO., 68Waler-st., New-York. 
A GREAT SALE OF LONG WOOLED SHEEP. 
T he subscriber having become the owner of the celebrated 
flock of New Leicester and Cotswold breeds of Sheep, of 
Thomas Dunn, containing near two hundred head; all thorough 
bred, having been crossed for the last twenty years by annual 
importations from the most celebrated breeders in England, at 
a very great expense, which has given them a great size and a 
strong hardy constitution; their fleeces averaging about 7 lbs. 
per head. For several years past, fat wethers have been sold to 
the butchers in this city, weighing from 40 to 50 lbs. the quarter, 
from this flock. The subscriber being in ill health, and desi¬ 
rous of closing up his business, will dispose of them at public 
auction, on the 4th day of October next, at the farm recently 
owned by Thomas Dunn, 14 miles west of Albany. An oppor¬ 
tunity like the present, may never occur again to those wishing 
to make a fine selection and to improve their flocks. 
Albany, Sept. 1, 1843.—2t. GEORGE MONTEATH. 
MT. HOPE BOTANIC GARDEN AND NURSERY. 
ROCHESTER, N. Y. 
T he proprietors of this establishment offer for sale an unu¬ 
sually fine assortment of Fruit Trees, comprising the choi¬ 
cest varieties of Apple, Pear, Peach, Plum, Cherry, &c. now 
cultivated. 
The trees are of good size, exceedingly thrifty, and free from 
diseases of any kind. The stock of Cherry and Peach particu¬ 
larly is very large and of beautiful growth. 
They have also on hand an excellent stock of Ornamental 
Trees and Shrubs, Green House Plants, Bulbous Roots, Bauble 
Dahlias and Roses. 
The latter embraces the most desirable new varieties of the 
monthly Bengal, Tea scented, Bourbon and Noisette, and of 
the hardy Province, Damask, Moss, Hybrid, China, &c., and 
of the magnificent climbing varieties of Ayrshire, Boussault 
and Rubifolia, including the splendid new Double Michigan. 
The proprietors pledge themselves to execute all orders they 
may be favored with in the most satisfactory manner. The 
utmost care is taken to have every parcel that leaves the 
nursery properly packed and shipped. 
Catalogues will be forwarded, gratis, to all applicants, and 
may also be had at the office of the Cultivator in Albany, and 
the New Genesee Farmer in Rochester, and at the several 
agencies of the Rochester Seed Store in the country. 
It is particularly requested that all orders be forwarded as 
early as possible, (say before 10th October,) so that they may 
be executed as soon as the season will admit. 
A remittance or satisfactory reference is invariably required. 
Address, post paid, ELLWANGER & BARRY, 
Sept. 1, 1843.—2t. _ Rochester, N. Y. 
SALE OF DURHAM SHORT HORN CATTLE AND 
SOUTH DOWN SHEEP. 
T he subscriber, desirous of reducing his stock, will offer for 
sale, at auction, on Wednesday, the 13th of September next, 
at 10 o’clock, A. M. at Three Hills Farm, 3) miles west of the 
city of Albany, on the Cherry Valley road, 25 head of cattle, con¬ 
sisting of bulls, cows, heifers and calves, and between 70 and 
80 head of South Down sheep, consisting of bucks, breeding 
ewes, yearlings and lambs, bred from the stock imported by 
Mr. Hawes in 1832, and from bucks imported since. 
Messrs. Corning A Sothain, will also ofl'er at the same time 
and place, some of their celebrated HEREFORD BULLS, of dif¬ 
ferent ages. C. N. BEMENT. 
Three Hills Farm, Albany, June 1, 1843.4t.__ 
POUDRETTE. 
C HEAPER STILL—Seven barrels for $10, and eleven barrels 
for $15, for this fall’s use on Wheat and Rye—in order to 
show its great value for those crops. Orders will be executed 
immediately on receipt of letter, or personal application with 
the money, to D. K. MINOR, 
Aug. 1, 1843 .—3t. _ 23 Chambers st., New-York. 
VALUABLE FARM FOR SALE. 
T he valuable and highly cultivated farm now occupied by 
Mr. Earl Stimson, in the town of Galway, Saratoga county, 
containing about 325 acres, will be sold at public auction, by 
virtue of a decree of the Court of Chancery, at the Court House 
in the village of Ballston Spa, on Saturday, the ninth day of 
September next, at twelve o’clock at noon. This farm is so 
well known to agriculturists, that it is unnecessary to describe 
it more particularly. The property is so situated that it will 
make three good farms, ard will be sold together, or in parcels, 
to suit purchasers. The sale will be absolute to the highest 
bidder, on the ninth of September, and a large portion of the 
purchase money may remain on mortgage if desired. For fur¬ 
ther particulars apply to Samuel W. Jones, Esq. Schenectady, 
or to the subscriber. No. 75 Nassau street, New-York. 
July 19, 1843.—2t. __ J. OAKLEY. 
JUST PUBLISHED—PRICE 3l| CENTS. 
L ectures on the Applications of Chemistry and Geology to 
Agriculture, by Jas. F. W. Johnston, M. A., F. R. S. Ac. 
Part III. On Manures—their nature, composition, and mode of 
action, and their best application to improve the soil, For sale 
by D. K. MINOR, 23 Chambers st., corner Centre st., New-York, 
also at the office of “ The Cultivator,” Albany, and by Booksel¬ 
lers and News Agents generally. Price 311 cents. 
Parts I. and 11., reprinted from the author’s second edition, 
will be ready early in August. Part IV. will be published with¬ 
in one week after its receipt from London. 
NOTICES OF THE WOHK. 
“ The most complete account of Agricultural Chemistry we 
possess.”— Royal Ag. Journal. ....... 
“Nothing hitherto published has at all equaled it, both as 
regards true science and sound common sense.”—Quarterly 
Journal of Agriculture. . ... 
“By their easy style, are likely to prove interesting to the 
least instructed.***'*When finished, this book will form the on¬ 
ly complete tre.xtise on the whole subject to be found in any 
language.”— Bl ackwood’s Magazine. _ Aug. 1.—3t. 
TO FARMERS. 
T he subscriber is prepared to supply Compound Guano, pre¬ 
pared from an analysis of that valuable manure. Also, 
dry Sulphate of Soda, Sulphate of Ammonia, ycc. He hp 5,0 
to 10,000 bushels of Hard Wood Charcoal, which he will sell at 
4 cents per bushel. Estimates will be given for ap descrip¬ 
tion of Chemical Manures that mp be rpuired Engaged m 
chemical mainifacturing for thirty years, he feels conlideiit of 
giving satisfaction to tl ose w'ho may favor him with their or¬ 
ders All letters asking information must be post paid. 
' JOHN BARLING, foot Jane-street, Greenwich. 
New-York, April 28, 1843.-^t 
