tolerances to environmental factors. Present day literature is dominated by 
research on herring, plaice, and northern anchovy; the first two species are 
rather atypical pelagic, marine fish larvae because of their unusually large size 
and advanced development at hatching. Refinement of culture methods, 
improved techniques for handling and testing delicate larvae, and examination 
of multiple factor effects and interactions throughout the period of larval 
development will help us to better understand how the environment acts on a 
cohort of larvae. This knowledge can be incorporated into predictions of 
recruitment success based on probable influences of environmental factors 
operating during the larval stage. 
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 
Support from Environmental Protection Agency Grant R804519 made the 
preparation of this paper possible. 
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