312 
TABRIZ TO ARZ-ROUM. 
We learned that after a siege of five months, in which the Pacha had 
fired his guns one hundred and fifty times at the town and castle, he 
had succeeded in killing one fowl and one dog. 
Ibrahim Pacha, who was at another village three miles from 
Youngali, sent his Haznadar or treasurer to escort us to our lodging. 
The misery here was even greater than that of the preceding day. No 
com for our horses, nor even grass without hard blows. The whole of 
the country was in a state of absolute devastation from the incursions of 
the Gourds ; and our course presented nothing but difficulties, for 
Ibrahim Pacha was at war with all the country round. He pro¬ 
fessed indeed to respect the firman of Abbas Mirza, and when we 
sent him that with which we had been furnished, he immediately carried 
it to his head, saying that he was the Prince’s servant in all things; 
and that there was nothing which he would not willingly do to serve 
him. We never fared worse, however, than at this village. The 
people that surrounded us bore the looks of savages, and their general 
behaviour corresponded with their appearance. 
To the South of Youngali , as I was told at the place, lies Van ; and 
to the S. W. the large MahalS of Kensus. 
11th. We left Youngali , dissatisfied with our host: the Persians 
indeed were miserable with the scanty hospitality which they received 
at his village. When we were left by the two officers, who escorted 
us to their master’s frontier, we were advised not to go near Turpa 
Caleb, as we should undoubtedly be molested. Yet the situation, in 
which this war of the rival chiefs had placed us, was so difficult, that 
we incurred equal hazard either in passing the castle of Timur Beg, 
without offering our respects, or in venturing near it after coming from 
the domains of his enemy. We determined therefore to state our 
story simply, and throw ourselves on his hospitality. We crossed a 
most beautiful plain covered with villages, and watered by numerous 
streams. We forded three considerable torrents, which poured from 
the N. mountains, and, swoln by the melting snows, threw themselves 
into the Euphrates , which was flowing at the Southern extremity of the 
