ARZ-ROUM TO AMASIA. 
345 
is sent to Constantinople ,) between one hundred and one hundred 
and fifty thousand okes of copper annually, which comes unwrought 
to Tocat, and is there made up in cakes. The works indeed con¬ 
nected with copper, and which occupy about three hundred shops, 
are the only particular manufactures, for which the town is noted. 
From these the copper wares are dispersed through all parts of 
Turkey. 
In the evening of the 7th we continued our journey. We left the city on 
the same road by which we had entered ; and, crossing the bridge, tra¬ 
versed a plain about five miles broad and fifteen long, where the harvest 
was fully ripe, over one of the richest corn countries that can be imagined. 
The distance of our stage to Turkhal was about twenty-five miles, on a 
general bearing of W. This large village comes abruptly to the view, 
and is remarkable principally as being built about a high rock, which 
stands isolated from the surrounding mountains, and on the extreme 
summit of which is the ruin of a fort. The village itself extends round 
the rock to the Westward. The Tozzan Irmak that flows from Tocat, 
passes close to the place from S. to N. At Turkhal , though we were 
housed in a caravanserai (there called khan) , our expences were de¬ 
frayed by the Cazi of the place. He had been informed of the treat¬ 
ment which we had received from the Musselim of Tocat , and told 
us that he would spend his hundred purses rather than we should 
experience a similar reception from his hands. Finding ourselves 
however uncomfortably situated in the caravanserai , (where, besides 
our baggage and servants, were our horses) we sought refuge in the 
garden of a hospitable Turk, who permitted us to spread our carpets 
on a raised platform under a tree, and helped us without limit to the 
mulberries and apricots which grew around. But we had not sat there 
long, before we were surprised by a heavy shower of rain and hail, 
which obliged us once more to retire to our heated caravanserai. 
There are very large water wheels here, which are used for irrigating 
the gardens and fields of the place, and which are turned by the 
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