NOTES. 
407 
stantinople is continued on Mr. Morier’s line, by Tavernier, i. 1-12. Otter ii. 330- 
357. Howell, p; 102-132. Jackson, p. 205-236. Aboo Taleb, ii. 256-264. Gar- 
danne, p. 114-119; see also p. 1-13. 
Khoi , p. 299.]—The singularity of the walls of Khoi, is noticed by Gardanne, with a 
more singular illustration: “ Qu-oye est entoure de murailles et de tours, et ressemble 
“ exaciement aux gravures de Jerico que l’on voit dans les Bibles.” P. 34. 
Ararat , p. 306.]—The heightli of Ararat can best be understood by considering the 
distance at which it may be seen. Chardin mentions that it is visible at Marant: tom. i. 
p.253; Bruce, that he saw it at Derbend , Memoirs, p. 282; Struys, whom Olivier 
well characterises as <( Romanesque,” describes his ascent to visit a sick hermit at the top, 
p. 208, &c.; but Tournefort, one of the first of travellers, has stated so fully the difficul¬ 
ties of his own attempt, that probably they have never yet been overcome. The mountain 
is divided into three regions of different breadths; the first, composed of a short and 
slippery grass or sand u aussi facheux que les Syrtes d’Afrique,” is' occupied by shep¬ 
herds; the second, by tygers and crows; the remainder, which is half the mountain “ est 
u couverte de neige depuis que l’arch y arreta, et ces neiges sont cachees la moitie de 
u Pannee sous les nuages fort epais. Les tygres que nous appergumes ne laisserent pas 
“ de nous faire peur,” p. 358. It was impossible to go forwards and penetrate to the third 
region; and not easy to go back: at length, utterly exhausted, they reached the bottom, 
“ nous rendimes graces au Seigneur d’en etre revenus, car peut-etre que nous serions 
u perdus ou que nous serions morts de faim sur cette Montague,” p. 371. If these were 
the sensations with which Tournefort regarded his enterprise, the common belief of the 
country may well be admitted, that no one ever yet ascended the Ararat of the Armenians. 
P. 317 .]—Hassan Cala is the ancient Theodosiopolis . D’Anville, Geogr. Ane. 
vol. ii. p. 100. 
Arz-roum , p. 320.]—-This city has been more generally written, Erz-roum , as h J 
Chardin, &c.; but from the definition assigned to it by Tournefort, tom. ii. p. 257, 
276, and adopted by D’Anville, Geogr. Anc. tom. ii. 99; that of the Arza of Ram, (the 
Asia Minor occupied by the Roman Empire) the present reading is established. The 
plain, in which it is built, is included by Tournefort, p. 325, in that district, which he 
regards as the site of the terrestrial paradise. Yet the cold of a region so elevated as that 
which contains the springs of the Euphrates and the Araxes must be extreme: nor can 
the beauty of the spot be at all assisted by forest scenery; Mr. Morier has observed the 
scarcity of wood, and Tournefort says, that there is no fuel but pine wood, and that is 
brought two or three days journey, p. 259. Arz-roum was an early Christian bishoprick, 
in its civil history it was alternately subject to the Empire of Constantinople and that of 
Persia. In the eleventh century it stood a siege of six days, when the assailants, expecting 
that it would be relieved, sacrificed their hopes of booty, and set fire to the place, con- 
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