16 
PEMPHIGOSTOLINAE. By Dr. E. Strand; APOPROGENINAE. By Dr. A. Seitz. 
p. 66 359. (Strand. Pemphigostola synemonistis Strd. n. g. n. sp., a peculiar new Castniida from Madagascar, 
forming at the same time the type of a new subfamily.) 
A. Subfamily Pemphigostolinae Strd. 
It corresponds in a great measure with the Australian genus Synemon, particularly in the structure of 
the antennae, by the bifurcation of the subcostal and the development of vein 1 c on the forewing, but in 
the vein 5 of the hindwing rising from the centre of the discocellular like in the Euschemon genus Apopro- 
genes Hmps. and in a vesicle between the median vein and the costal margin in the forewing it differs so 
much that it may be fairly separated as a subfamily *). 
1. Genus: Pemphigostola Strand. 
Antennae similar as in Synemon. Frenulum present and strongly developed. Proboscis well developed. 
Fore wing with 12 veins, 1 c being present, 2 more distant from 3 than from 1 c, 3, 4 and 5 at the posterior 
angle of the cell, rising almost from the same place, 6 and 7 forked from the anterior angle of the cell, 8 
and 9 forked from 7, 10 and 11 from the subcostal vein. Forewing about triangular, elongate, in the ba¬ 
sal half in front very much inflated like a blister and indented, distal margin straight and very oblique, hind- 
margin almost straight, anal angle very broadly rounded. Hindwing projecting far beyond the anal angle of fore¬ 
wing, costal margin very much bent connex in front, forming almost a right angle with the straight, not very 
oblique distal margin, round vein 1 c an obtuse-angled indentation; 8 veins, 2 and 3 from the posterior cell-angle, 
5 from the centre of the discocellular vein, 6 and 7 forked from the anterior cell-angle. — But one species: 
synemoni- P. synemonistis Strd. (la). <$. Forewing greyish-brown, in the basal area in the anterior half of the 
stis - central area and the apex of the costal area ferruginous-brown; the central area is proximally and distally 
defined by one white, basally connexly curved transverse line each and exhibits at the costal margin outside 
a greyish-white trapezoid spot. Margin dotted black. Hindwing ferruginous brown with an ochre-yellowish 
discal transverse spot. Forewing beneath chiefly marked as above, the grey colouring, however, more predo¬ 
minant. Hindwing beneath brown with a greyish median transverse band and partly irrorated with greyish in 
the marginal area. Body grey and brown, vertex and face whitish, thorax above with a white median longitudinal 
line; such a line may also be on the abdomen. Expanse of wings: 43, length of wings: 20 mm. Madagascar. 
B. Subfamily Apoprogeninae. 
Though Strand regards the above-mentioned Pemphigostolinae to be the only African lepidopteral group 
being allied to the South Australian Synemon, Hampson connects the following Apoprogenes with the Pem¬ 
phigostola. He considers them to be not far remote from Euschemon rafflesia (Vol. IX, pi. 163 c) which, how¬ 
ever, it does not resemble very much. Still the most proper position of all these lepidoptera is in or near 
the space between the Rhopalocera and Phalaenae, i. e. near the Castniidae and Zygaenidae. As to further 
particulars vid. the following description of the genus. 
2. Genus: Apoprogenes Hmps. 
The peculiar lepidoptera forming this genus are not yet sufficiently known as to their systematic 
position. The circumstance that one specimen was diagnosed the antennae of which were broken off brought 
about its being listed among the Geometridae (Hemitheinae) where it seemed to belong to by reason of its 
neuration. In the forewing the cell is rather short, the cross-vein not angular; the first subcostal is separate, 
the 2nd to 5th forked, the 1st radial rising from the cell-apex, the 2nd a little before the centre. The 1st 
median branch is separate from the 3rd radial, but near it. The cell of the hindwing is quite short, the 3rd 
discocellular curved, growing oblique. The 1st costal branch near the base remote from the cell and moderately 
divergent ; the 2nd subcostal branch not forked, the 2nd radial rising before the middle from the cross-vein, 
the 1st median branch nearing the 3rd radial. — In the habitus the typical species superficially resembles 
several Noctuidae flying at the same place, such as certain Parallelia or Achaea which it may perhaps resemble 
in flying. The forewing exhibits the Gatoccda-marking so often met with in the Noctuae, whilst in the hindwing 
a lighter basal part contrasts with a black broad distal band. Quite peculiar, however, are the palpi being 
subuliform or nail-shaped, as exhibited by the Cocytia or Asota, also the Eligma , a formation being quite uncom¬ 
mon in Geometrids. The most remarkable feature, however, are the antennae which have helped the few 
lepidoptera reckoned hereto to be placed into a separate family. They are shaped like the antennae of a Zygaena 
*) The separation of the genus Euschemon as a subfamily has not been retained in this work. As to further particulars, 
compare Vol. IX, in the treatise on Euschemon rafflesiae, which we range among the Hesperidae, Subf. Hesperiinae. (A. Seitz.) 
