250 
CERATOPAC'HA. By Dr. C. Aitrivillius. 
20. Genus: Ceratopacha Auriv. 
Palpi short, not projecting beyond the frons. Frons armed with a coniform thorn. Eyes bare, circularly 
surrounded by stiff black hairs. Pectinations of antennae only slightly shorter in the $ than in the <§. Legs 
as far as the claws clothed with long hair. Wings broad, rounded with entire fringes. Forewing: vein 8 from 
the apex of the discal cell, 9 into the distal margin. Hindwing: veins 4 and 5 forked, 8 in one place united 
with vein 7. Both wings or at least fore wing with a black dot at the apex of the discal cell. Marking and 
colouring in all the species homogeneous. The whole body beneath white, abdomen above yellow, often with 
black rings or black lateral spots. Wings at least beneath with a white ground-colour; all the transverse 
lines on the forewing above white, often edged with dark. Hinclwing beneath with a black-haired costal- 
marginal spot. Both wings at the distal margin between the ends of the veins generally with dark dots which 
are not extended on the fringes or only for a short distance. — Larvae, as far as they are known, on each 
side of the first joint with a long, slantingly projecting hair-pencil, with long though scanty lateral hairs, 
small decorative pads on the dorsum of the 2nd and 3rd joints, and with two erect hair-pencils on each of the 
segments (4) 5 to 11. The pupa rests in a thick and hard web showing a vertical slit-shaped opening at 
the anterior end. 
First Group of Species. 
The proximal white border of the distal discal transverse line of the forewing is straight and smooth or almost smooth 
between vein 9 and the anal margin. The distal white border of the submarginal line consists between the costal margin and 
vein 3 of three straight or almost straight and smooth divisions which form acute angles with each other; the first extends 
from the costal margin to vein 9, where it almost reaches the distal margin, the second from vein 9 slantingly inward to 
vein 6, and the third from there slantingly towards the distal margin and often a little bent to vein 3; then follow two spots 
towards the base in 2 and 1 b. 
salammbo. C. salammbo Vuillot (35 e) is similar to the following species, but easily discernible by the forewing 
above and the hindwing above at the costal margin from the base to beyond the centre being light yellow 
or bright ochreous, the subbasal white transverse line of the fore wing being more slanting, but cpiite straight 
and smooth, and by the absence of the discal dot on the hindwing above. Expanse of wings: 40 to 48 mm. 
- The larva exhibits a black ground-colour with grey irroration at the segmental margins, and a whitish, 
black-spotted head. Lateral hairs whitish mixed with few black ones; pencil of first joint black. Each of the 
segments 5 to 11 on the dorsum at the anterior edge on the light reddish ground with whitish hair, then with 
two black hair-pensils, and behind the centre with two jet-black narrow transverse spots encircled with red. 
According to E. L. Clark who kindly communicated the larva to me, it lives on the Lhngaan tree. Delagoa 
Bay; Natal. 
koellikeri. C. koellikeri Dew. (34 d; too variegated and greyish). Ground-colour of forewing above as far as 
the discal line jaale yellowish; subbasal line undulating (not smooth). Hindwing above at the costal margin 
white and grey, not yellow, or only behind the discal line slightly huecl with yellowish, but with a black discal 
dot. Congo District: Chinchoxa, Kingoye, Mukinbungu. 
gemmata. C. gemmata Dist. (35 e) is very similar to koellikeri, but it shows a light grey or brownish-grey ground¬ 
colour on the fore wing above, a very much unchdating subbasal line of the fore wing and more distinct marginal 
dots on both wings. Abdomen above yellow with a whitish apex, in the <$ with black, sometimes confluent 
rings, in the $ often with large dark lateral spots. Transvaal. Mashona Land. 
Second Group of Species. 
The species of this group exhibit a quite differently shaped submarginal line which has no straight divisions, but 
forms somewhat irregular bows. The difference is particularly distinct between the costal margin and vein 6, the submarginal 
line being almost equably bent with the distal margin and the apex of the wing. Moreover, both the transverse lines are 
sharply undulating or notched. By these marks this group forms a fine transition to the species of the following genus. 
magna. C. magna Auriv. (34 e). The markings of this beautiful species are excellently reproduced in the figure. 
Sierra Leone. 
minor. C. minor Gaede (40 a) is most similar to G. magna, but smaller, and at the base of the forewing 
darker. Forewing beneath at the apex almost pure white. Abdomen above yellow without dark segmental 
margins. Expanse of wings: 40 mm. Cameroon and Togo. 
decora. C. decora Fawc. (34 c) differs from the two other species of this group particularly in the hindwing 
above being darkened yellowish-grey at the base as far as the apex of the discal cell, and exhibiting in the 
centre a complete, curved, yellowish-red transverse band. $ unknown. British East Africa: Kedai. 
