340 
HOLOCERA; PSEUDOLUDIA. By M. Gaede. 
smilax. 
angulata. 
bistricta. 
nilotica. 
rhodesien- 
sis. 
agomensis. 
suavis. 
3. Subfamily; Ludiinae. 
The species belonging to this subfamily distinctly deviate from the other Saturniidae. Palpi short, 
not articulate. Proboscis absent or feebly present. Rind tibiae with but 1 pair of short spurs. The antennae 
of the $ vary from almost the same shape as in the to quite plain ones; the tips are also in the invariably 
plain. On the forewing the cross-vein is almost quite straight between veins 4 and 6, vein 5 is present, 
7 + 8 -f- 9 -f- 10 stalked, 8 + 9 may also be entirely fused. In the hindwing vein 5 is present. In both wings 
vein 5 rises on or above the centre of the cross-vein. It would lead too far to explain here the fine microscopic 
differences according to which Dr. Jordan separated the subfamily into 2 groups. 
1. Group: Ludiicae. 
On the fore wing beneath and on the hindwing above no basal spot of modified scales. Tarsal claws 
not or hardly serrate. 
1. Genus: Holoc*era Fldr. 
Fore wing with a straight costal margin being rather sharply flawed at % °f its length, apex produced, 
in the far with an obtuse point, below it inserted and almost vertical to the inner angle, in the $ much more 
oblique. Veins 3 and 4 not separated afar, vein 5 a little above the centre of the cross-vein, 10 +7+8+9 
a little before the angle, rising separated from vein 6, 11 absent. On the hindwing the anal angle is rather acute. 
Vein 5 far before the centre of the cross-vein, vein 7 a little before the upper angle of the cell. Antennae of 
J pectinate as far as half their length, in the + plain, the yellow eyespot of the hindwing lacks this genus. 
Type: smilax Angas. 
H. smilax Ang. (58 d). Varying from red-brown to violettish-brown, the darkest always in the median 
band, the lightest the triangle between it, the costal margin and the median vein. Median band edged with 
pink. Its inner border before the flaw at the costal margin almost straight, to % of the inner margin. The 
outer border S-shaped, projecting farthest outward at veins 5 and 6. In it, at the cross-vein outward a twisted, 
almost triangular hyaline sj)ot. On the hindwing around the somewhat U-shaped hyaline spot a similar band 
being quite indistinct in the anterior half. 45—75 mm. South and East Afrika. 
H. angulata Aur. (58 c). Very similar, also in the variability of the colouring. On the forewing the 
inner border of the median band is notched in the submedian fold, the exterior border projects farthest only 
above vein 6. Hyaline spot just as odd as in smilax. An abnormal specimen in which only the upper and lower 
angles of it are left over, is bistricta Strd. On the hindwing the colour and marking are as in smilax, the size 
of the hyaline spot varies rather much. In the often only a light streak, in the $ also as a large ring with 
a scaled central spot (= guineensis Strd.). 55—58 mm. Cameroon. — nilotica Jord. shows a very large 
hyaline spot in the forewing. Distal margin in both wings ochreous. The inner border of the median band is 
not indented, the outer border corresponds to that in angulata. 1 q. Upper Egypt. 
H. rhodesiensis Janse. Both wings at the distal margin somewhat dentate, particularly in the 
Ground-colour nut-brown and violettish-grey. The form of the median band similar to smilax, its exterior 
at the inner margin less excurved, the border-lines somewhat hazier. Hyaline spot similar, outward more pointed. 
Hindwing in the same way different from smilax. 00 mm. Rhodesia, Nyassa Land. Larva with black body 
and tubercles the hairs of which are downy, with pink lateral spots or with black and white rings. On Cussonia. 
H. agomensis Karsch (58 e). Ground-colour rusty brown. The triangle at the costal margin and the 
inner angle of the forewing lighter greyish yellow. Inside of the median band at the median vein projecting 
somewhat basad, outside only feebly S-shaped, both the margins blackish. Anterior half of hindwing pink. 
Hyaline sjiots of both wings r-shaped. 40—50 mm. West, South, Central Africa. 
2. Genus: Pseu<loliiriia Strd. 
In the forewing veins 10 + 7 + 8 + 9 stalked, otherwise the shape of the wings and the neuration 
as in Holocera. Antennae of <+ pectinate as far as 4 / 5 of their length, also in the $ with short dents. 
P. suavis Rothsch. (= lilacina Weym.) (58 e). Ground-colour red-brown. A triangle from the median 
vein to the costal margin with its apex almost at the exterior end of the median band olive brown, also 
the distal area. The indistinct inner margin of the median band in the centre of the cell angled inwards to the 
costal margin, dark. The outer margin pink, feebly S-shaped, remarkably little bent. Before the apex at 
