Of Flies 6 q 
the very heart or pith of the gem, which is the rudiment 
©f the branch, together with its leaves and fruit. The 
branch being thus deferoyed,. or at kaft its vegetation ob~ 
ftru&ed, the fap that was to nourifh it is (diverted to the 
remaining parts of the bud, which are only the fcaly in¬ 
teguments, by this means growing large and flourilhing, 
becomes a covering to the infe£fc cafe, as before they wero 
to the tender branch and its appendage. 
The cafe lying within this cone, is at firfe but fmall, 
as rhe maggot included in it is, but by degrees, as the 
maggot increafeth, it alfo grows bigger, to the fize of a 
final 1 pea, long and round, in the ftiape of a long 
acron. 
The infedt produced from the cones, hath four mem¬ 
braneous wings, reaching a little beyond the belly, arti¬ 
culated horns, large thorax, belly fhort and conical, legs 
partly whitilh, partly black, of a beautiful Ihining green, 
in feme tending to a dark copper colour. 
The Aleppo galls, wherewith we make ink, are no 
other than cafes in which infefts breed, which when they 
come to maturity, gnaw their way out of them, which 
©ccafions thofe little holes obfervable in them e „ 
Of this fort alfo are the little fmooth cafes, about the 
fize of large pepper corns, which grow clofe to the ribs, 
under oaken leaves, at frrft of a biufhing red, afterwards 
growing brown, hollow within, but an hard thin {hell 
without, in which commonly lies a rough white maggot, 
afterwards transformed into a black ichneumon fly, 
that eats a little hole in the fide of the gall, and fa 
gets out. 
Some' of thefe balls are tender, as thofe of a vellowlfh 
green colour with a reddifh caft, about the fize of a fmail 
mulket 
f See Phil, Tranf. No. 245. 
